Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia.
Game Insight Group, Tennis Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2021 Dec;39(23):2746-2754. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1956217. Epub 2021 Aug 3.
The design of the junior sport competition environment plays a critical role in attracting and retaining children as life-long participants. Critically, however, the guidelines governing the design of junior sport are rarely scrutinized. With this in mind, our aim is to offer sports authorities a method to systematically assess the suitability of guidelines. The most popular junior ball sport competitions in Australia were assessed in relation to the scaling of task constraints and compared to children's corresponding physical maturation and/or performance measures. This assessment enabled the calculation of , which were then used to categorise constraints as either (1) undersized, (2) appropriately sized or (3) oversized. Results revealed that most sports' ask children to play in oversized conditions, particularly in the under 9 to under 12 age groups and in boys' competitions. The task constraints that had the highest percentage of appropriately sized were match duration and goal size. Comparatively, ball size and field length had the highest percentage of classified as oversized. We contend that the systematic approach applied in this article should be used by sports authorities to understand the extent of scaling constraints in junior sport.
青少年体育竞赛环境的设计对于吸引和留住儿童作为终身参与者起着至关重要的作用。然而，具有指导意义的青少年体育设计准则却很少受到审查。考虑到这一点，我们的目的是为体育管理部门提供一种系统评估准则适宜性的方法。本研究评估了澳大利亚最受欢迎的青少年球类运动竞赛与儿童相应的身体成熟度和/或表现测量之间的任务约束的缩放比例，并将这些约束进行了分类，分为（1）尺寸过小，（2）尺寸合适，或（3）尺寸过大。结果表明，大多数运动要求儿童在过大的条件下进行比赛，尤其是在 9 岁以下和 12 岁以下的年龄组以及男孩的比赛中。具有最高百分比的 尺寸合适的任务约束是比赛持续时间和球门大小。相比之下，球的大小和场地长度具有最高百分比的 被归类为尺寸过大。我们认为，体育管理部门应该采用本文中应用的系统方法来了解青少年体育中任务约束的缩放程度。
