Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India.
School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jan;286(Pt 1):131623. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131623. Epub 2021 Jul 23.
The increasing demand for the development of sustainable strategies to utilize and process agro-industrial residues paves new paths for exploring innovative approaches in this area. Biotechnology based microbial transformations provide efficient, low cost and sustainable approaches for the production of value added products. The use of organic rich residues opens new avenues for the production of enzymes, pigments, biofuels, bioactive compounds, biopolymers etc. with vast industrial and therapeutic applications. Innovative technologies like strain improvement, enzyme immobilization, genome editing, morphological engineering, ultrasound/supercritical fluid/pulse electric field extraction, etc. can be employed. These will be helpful in achieving significant improvement in qualitative and quantitative parameters of the finished products. The global trend for the valorisation of biowaste has boosted the commercialization of these products which has transformed the markets by providing new investment opportunities. The upstream processing of raw materials using microbes poses a limitation in terms of product development and recovery which can be overcome by modifying the bioreactor design, physiological parameters or employing alternate technologies which will be discussed in this review. The other problems related to the processes include product stability, industrial applicability and cost competitiveness which needs to be addressed. This review comprehensively discusses the recent progress, avenues and challenges in the approaches aimed at valorisation of agro-industrial wastes along with possible opportunities in the bioeconomy.
对开发可持续利用和加工农业工业废料的战略的需求不断增加，为该领域的创新方法开辟了新的途径。基于生物技术的微生物转化为生产增值产品提供了高效、低成本和可持续的方法。利用富含有机物的废料为生产酶、色素、生物燃料、生物活性化合物、生物聚合物等开辟了新途径，具有广泛的工业和治疗应用。可以采用创新技术，如菌株改良、酶固定化、基因组编辑、形态工程、超声/超临界流体/脉冲电场提取等。这些技术将有助于显著改善成品的定性和定量参数。将生物废料进行增值利用的全球趋势促进了这些产品的商业化，通过提供新的投资机会改变了市场。使用微生物对原材料进行上游加工在产品开发和回收方面存在限制，可以通过改变生物反应器设计、生理参数或采用替代技术来克服，本文将对此进行讨论。与这些工艺相关的其他问题包括产品稳定性、工业适用性和成本竞争力，需要加以解决。本文全面讨论了旨在实现农业工业废料增值的方法的最新进展、途径和挑战，以及生物经济中的可能机遇。
