Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
BMJ Open. 2021 Aug 4;11(8):e045063. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045063.
This study aimed to assess trends in the prevalence of alcohol use depending on smoking behaviours and that of smoking depending on drinking behaviours among Japanese adolescents.
This was a retrospective study using Japanese school-based nationwide surveys conducted between 1996 and 2017.
Surveyed schools, both junior and senior high schools, considered representative of the entire Japanese population, were sampled randomly.
We enrolled 11 584-64 152 students from 179 to 103 schools yearly. They completed a self-reported and anonymous questionnaire on smoking and drinking behaviour.
Since 1996, the prevalence of alcohol use and smoking among adolescents decreased in each survey (p<0.01). The prevalence of alcohol use in the non-smokers group was 29.0% in 1996 and 4.0% in 2017, and in the smokers group, it was 73.3% in 1996 and 57.4% in 2017. The reduction rate (the difference in prevalence between 1996 and 2017 divided by the prevalence in 1996) was 0.86 in the non-smokers group and 0.22 in the smokers group. The prevalence of smoking in the non-drinkers group was 6.7% in 1996 and 0.7% in 2017, while that in the drinkers group was 32.5% in 1996 and 18.9% in 2017. The reduction rate was 0.90 in the non-drinkers group and 0.42 in the drinkers group. Therefore, downward trends differed among the groups. In a subanalysis of senior high school students, we divided students into three groups according to their intention to pursue further education. Between 1996 and 2017, there was a consistent difference in the prevalence of alcohol use and smoking among these groups.
Alcohol use and smoking among Japanese adolescents seem to have reduced. However, certain groups showed poor improvements, and health risk behaviour disparity exists, which may widen further. We need to focus on high-risk groups and implement appropriate measures or interventions accordingly.
本研究旨在评估日本青少年中，根据吸烟行为的饮酒流行趋势和根据饮酒行为的吸烟流行趋势。
这是一项使用 1996 年至 2017 年期间进行的日本全国学校的回顾性研究。
调查学校，初中和高中，随机抽样，被认为代表整个日本人口。
我们每年从 179 到 103 所学校招募 11584-64152 名学生。他们完成了关于吸烟和饮酒行为的自我报告和匿名问卷。
自 1996 年以来，青少年的饮酒和吸烟流行率在每次调查中均下降（p<0.01）。1996 年非吸烟者组的饮酒流行率为 29.0%，2017 年为 4.0%，吸烟者组的饮酒流行率为 1996 年为 73.3%，2017 年为 57.4%。非吸烟者组的降低率（1996 年和 2017 年之间的流行率差异除以 1996 年的流行率）为 0.86，吸烟者组为 0.22。1996 年非饮酒者组的吸烟流行率为 6.7%，2017 年为 0.7%，而饮酒者组的吸烟流行率为 1996 年为 32.5%，2017 年为 18.9%。非饮酒者组的降低率为 0.90，饮酒者组为 0.42。因此，不同组之间的下降趋势不同。在对高中生的亚分析中，我们根据他们继续接受教育的意愿将学生分为三组。1996 年至 2017 年间，这些组之间的饮酒和吸烟流行率存在持续差异。
日本青少年的饮酒和吸烟行为似乎有所减少。然而，某些群体的改善情况不佳，健康风险行为的差距进一步扩大。我们需要关注高风险群体，并相应地实施适当的措施或干预措施。
