Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA; email:
Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA; email:
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2021 Oct 8;75:609-630. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-052821-031444. Epub 2021 Aug 5.
Secretion of cellular components across the plasma membrane is an essential process that enables organisms to interact with their environments. Production of extracellular vesicles in bacteria is a well-documented but poorly understood process. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced in gram-negative bacteria by blebbing of the outer membrane. In addition to their roles in pathogenesis, cell-to-cell communication, and stress responses, OMVs play important roles in immunomodulation and the establishment and balance of the gut microbiota. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of OMVs and the current knowledge of OMV biogenesis. We also discuss the growing and promising biotechnological applications of OMV.
细胞成分穿过质膜的分泌是一种基本过程，使生物体能够与其环境相互作用。细菌中外泌体的产生是一个有充分文献记载但理解甚少的过程。革兰氏阴性菌通过外膜起泡产生外膜囊泡（OMVs）。除了在发病机制、细胞间通讯和应激反应中的作用外，OMVs 在免疫调节以及肠道微生物组的建立和平衡中也起着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 OMV 的多种作用和 OMV 生物发生的现有知识。我们还讨论了 OMV 日益增长和有前途的生物技术应用。
