Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
BMB Rep. 2022 Jan;55(1):48-56. doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2022.55.1.133.
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by most cells carry bioactive macromolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids for intercellular communication. Given that some immune cell-derived sEVs exhibit anti-cancer properties, these sEVs have received scientific attention for the development of novel anticancer immunotherapeutic agents. In this paper, we reviewed the latest advances concerning the biological roles of immune cell-derived sEVs for cancer therapy. sEVs derived from immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, natural-killer (NK) cells, and macrophages are good candidates for sEV-based cancer therapy. Besides their role of cancer vaccines, DC-shed sEVs activated cytotoxic lymphocytes and killed tumor cells. sEVs isolated from NK cells and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cells. sEVs derived from CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells inhibited cancer-associated cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) and activated B cells, respectively. M1-macrophage-derived sEVs induced M2 to M1 repolarization and also created a pro-inflammatory environment. Hence, these sEVs, via mono or combination therapy, could be considered in the treatment of cancer patients in the future. In addition, sEVs derived from cytokine-stimulated immune cells or sEV engineering could improve their anti-tumor potency. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(1): 48-56].
小细胞外囊泡（sEVs）由大多数细胞分泌，携带生物活性大分子，包括蛋白质、脂质和核酸，用于细胞间通讯。鉴于一些免疫细胞来源的 sEVs 具有抗癌特性，这些 sEVs 因其作为新型抗癌免疫治疗剂的发展而受到科学关注。在本文中，我们综述了有关免疫细胞来源的 sEVs 在癌症治疗中的生物学作用的最新进展。来自免疫细胞的 sEVs，包括树突状细胞（DCs）、T 细胞、自然杀伤（NK）细胞和巨噬细胞，是基于 sEV 的癌症治疗的良好候选物。除了作为癌症疫苗的作用外，DC 脱落的 sEVs 激活细胞毒性淋巴细胞并杀死肿瘤细胞。从 NK 细胞和嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T 细胞中分离出的 sEVs 对癌细胞具有细胞毒性。来自 CD8+T 和 CD4+T 细胞的 sEVs 分别抑制肿瘤微环境（TME）中的癌症相关细胞和激活 B 细胞。M1 巨噬细胞来源的 sEVs 诱导 M2 向 M1 重极化，并创造促炎环境。因此，这些 sEVs 可以单独或联合治疗，用于未来癌症患者的治疗。此外，细胞因子刺激的免疫细胞来源的 sEVs 或 sEV 工程可以提高其抗肿瘤效力。[BMB 报告 2022；55(1):48-56]。
