Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
Oncol Res. 2023 Nov 15;32(1):73-94. doi: 10.32604/or.2023.030401. eCollection 2023.
Exosomes, small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human body. It is considered a "double-edged sword", and depending on its biological source, the action of exosomes varies under physiological conditions. Also, the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome source. Moreover, the uptake of exosomes from the recipients' cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological actions. There are different mechanisms present in the exosomes' cellular uptake to deliver their cargo to acceptor cells. Once the exosomal uptake takes place, it releases the intracellular particles that leads to activate the physiological response. Even though exosomes have lavish functions, there are some challenges associated with every step of their preparation to bring potential therapeutic efficacy. So, overcoming the pitfalls would give a desired quantity of exosomes with high purity.
外泌体是一种微小的囊泡，其中包含大量细胞内颗粒，可用于在人体内引起各种疾病并预防多种病理事件。它被认为是一把“双刃剑”，并且根据其生物来源，外泌体在生理条件下的作用会有所不同。此外，外泌体的分离和鉴定应准确进行，并且方法也会根据外泌体的来源而有所不同。此外，受体细胞中外泌体的摄取对于所有生理作用都是至关重要的初始步骤。外泌体有多种摄取机制，可将其货物递送至受体细胞。一旦发生外泌体摄取，就会释放出导致激活生理反应的细胞内颗粒。尽管外泌体具有丰富的功能，但在其制备的每一步都存在一些挑战，以带来潜在的治疗效果。因此，克服这些困难将提供具有高纯度的所需数量的外泌体。
