Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Jul 13;12(7):1063. doi: 10.3390/genes12071063.
The ability to regenerate is scattered among the metazoan tree of life. Further still, regenerative capacity varies widely within these specific organisms. Numerous organisms, all with different regenerative capabilities, have been studied at length and key similarities and disparities in how regeneration occurs have been identified. In order to get a better grasp on understanding regeneration as a whole, we must search for new models that are capable of extensive regeneration, as well as those that have been under sampled in the literature. As invertebrate deuterostomes, echinoderms fit both of these requirements. Multiple members regenerate various tissue types at all life stages, including examples of whole-body regeneration. Interrogations in two highly studied echinoderms, the sea urchin and the sea star, have provided knowledge of tissue and whole-body regeneration at various life stages. Work has begun to examine regeneration in echinoderm larvae, a potential new system for understanding regenerative mechanisms in a basal deuterostome. Here, we review the ways these two animals' larvae have been utilized as a model of regeneration.
再生能力广泛存在于后生动物的生命之树中。更进一步，在这些特定的生物体中，再生能力存在很大的差异。大量具有不同再生能力的生物体已经被深入研究，并且已经确定了在再生过程中发生的关键相似性和差异。为了更好地理解整体再生，我们必须寻找能够进行广泛再生的新模型，以及那些在文献中采样不足的模型。作为后生动物的无脊椎动物，棘皮动物符合这两个要求。多种成员在所有生命阶段都能再生各种组织类型，包括全身再生的例子。对两种研究较多的棘皮动物——海胆和海星的研究，提供了在不同生命阶段对组织和全身再生的认识。人们已经开始研究棘皮动物幼虫的再生，这是一个在基础后口动物中理解再生机制的潜在新系统。在这里，我们回顾了这两种动物的幼虫是如何被用作再生模型的。
