Mercadante Rosa, Dezza Beatrice, Mammone Teresa, Moretto Angelo, Fustinoni Silvia
EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics, and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention (ICPS) ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milano, Italy.
Toxics. 2021 Jul 6;9(7):160. doi: 10.3390/toxics9070160.
Pesticides used to protect agricultural crops may contaminate groundwater. This work aimed to identify the pesticides used in Lombardy, Italy, in 2016, their concentration in the groundwater and the risk for health associated with the intake of drinkable water in the adult population. The risk was evaluated for the presence of single and multiple active substances in the groundwater, calculating the hazard quotient (HQ) and the hazard index (HI), respectively. Lombardy utilises an agricultural area of 980,112 h, which is mainly cultivated with cereals (74%). Approximately 2354 pesticides (about 1.3 × 10 kg), containing 410 active substances (about 4.5 × 10 kg) were sold. There were groundwater contamination measurements in 158 monitoring points, which were investigated twice a year for 31 active substances, and a total of 9152 determinations. Only 17 currently used active substance were measured in the groundwater, among which three belonged to the 10 best-sold pesticides. The exceedance of the environmental quality standard was observed for about 1.5% determinations. The intake of contaminated water in the adult population resulted in a HQ typically ranging between 10 and 10 and a HI of about 10. Although the number of pesticides sold in 2016 in Lombardy was big, only a small fraction of active substances was monitored in the groundwater. Considering these monitored substances, the intake of contaminated groundwater in the adult general population posed an irrelevant risk for health.
用于保护农作物的农药可能会污染地下水。这项工作旨在确定2016年意大利伦巴第地区使用的农药、它们在地下水中的浓度以及成年人群饮用受污染水所带来的健康风险。针对地下水中单一和多种活性物质的存在情况评估风险，分别计算危害商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI）。伦巴第地区的农业用地面积为980,112公顷，主要种植谷物（占74%）。大约销售了2354种农药（约1.3×10千克），含有410种活性物质（约4.5×10千克）。在158个监测点进行了地下水污染测量，每年对31种活性物质进行两次调查，总共进行了9152次测定。地下水中仅检测到17种目前使用的活性物质，其中三种属于销量排名前十的农药。约1.5%的测定结果超过了环境质量标准。成年人群摄入受污染的水导致危害商数通常在10至10之间，危害指数约为10。尽管2016年伦巴第地区销售的农药数量众多，但地下水中仅监测了一小部分活性物质。考虑到这些监测物质，成年普通人群摄入受污染的地下水对健康造成的风险微不足道。
