Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
J Biochem. 2021 Oct 11;170(2):153-162. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvab090.
The nucleolus is a membrane-less organelle sequestered from the nucleus by liquid droplet formation through a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). It plays important roles in cell homoeostasis through its internal thermodynamic changes. Reversible nucleolar transitions between coalescence and dispersion are dependent on the concentrations, conformations and interactions of its molecular liquid droplet-forming components, including DNA, RNA and protein. The liquid droplet-like properties of the nucleolus enable its diverse dynamic roles. The liquid droplet formation mechanism, by which the nucleolus is sequestered from the nucleoplasm despite the absence of a membrane, explains a number of complex nucleolar functions.
核仁是一种无膜细胞器，通过液-液相分离（LLPS）形成液滴而与核隔离。它通过内部热力学变化在细胞稳态中发挥重要作用。核仁的凝聚和分散之间的可逆转变取决于其分子液滴形成成分（包括 DNA、RNA 和蛋白质）的浓度、构象和相互作用。核仁的类液体滴性质使其具有多种动态作用。核仁的液滴形成机制解释了许多复杂的核仁功能，尽管没有膜，但核仁仍能与核质隔离。
