Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Launch Innovation Team, Research and Development Department, Anta (China) Company Limited, China.
J Biomech. 2021 Sep 20;126:110658. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110658. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
The development of GIRD is a well-documented adaptation associated with repetitive overhead throwing in numerous sports. In occurrence with total rotational range of motion deficit, GIRD is considered pathological and increases shoulder injury risk. While cricketers demonstrate these deficits in rotational range; the association between GIRD and overhead throwing has yet to be explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between GIRD and overhead throwing biomechanics in cricketers. Passive shoulder rotational range of motion was measured in 15 cricketers (elite = 8, amateur = 7). Kinetic and kinematic data were obtained during overhead throws from a stationary and run-up approach. Linear regression was used to determine potential relationships between GIRD and discrete shoulder kinetics for both throwing approaches. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping regression was conducted to assess relationships between GIRD and throwing kinematics. When throwing overhead from a stationary position, GIRD was associated with reduced hip abduction during the preparatory arc (p = 0.002); superior shoulder (p = 0.003) and elbow compressive (p = 0.009) forces, at cocking. In addition, GIRD was associated with increased posterior shoulder force during arm deceleration for both stationary (p = 0.013) and run-up approaches (p = 0.03) to overhead throwing. Cricketers with GIRD utilise a shorter stride, creating early pelvic rotation and a slow throwing arm with an associated reduction in forces about the shoulder and elbow at cocking, when throwing from a stationary position. Further, overload of the posterior shoulder occurs during arm deceleration, irrespective of throwing approach. These findings highlight potential shoulder injury risk.
GIRD 的发展是一种有充分文献记录的适应现象，与许多运动中的重复性过头投掷有关。在总旋转幅度不足的情况下，GIRD 被认为是病理性的，会增加肩部受伤的风险。虽然板球运动员在旋转幅度上表现出这些缺陷；但 GIRD 与过头投掷之间的关联尚未得到探索。因此，本研究的目的是确定 GIRD 与板球运动员过头投掷生物力学之间的关系。对 15 名板球运动员（精英组 8 名，业余组 7 名）进行了被动肩部旋转幅度的测量。在从静止和起跑两种投掷方式下，获得了动力学和运动学数据。线性回归用于确定 GIRD 与两种投掷方式离散肩部动力学之间的潜在关系。一维统计参数映射回归用于评估 GIRD 与投掷运动学之间的关系。当从静止位置进行过头投掷时，GIRD 与准备阶段弧线期间髋关节外展减少有关（p=0.002）；肩部上方（p=0.003）和肘部压缩力（p=0.009），在扣球时。此外，GIRD 与手臂减速过程中肩部后部力量增加有关，无论是在静止（p=0.013）还是起跑（p=0.03）两种投掷方式下进行过头投掷。患有 GIRD 的板球运动员在从静止位置投掷时，步幅较短，骨盆早期旋转，投掷臂较慢，肩部和肘部的力量相应减少，在手臂减速期间，肩部后部会过载，无论投掷方式如何。这些发现强调了潜在的肩部受伤风险。
