Fuertes Esperanza, Seradj Ahmad Reza, Maynegre Santaularia Jordi, Villalba Mata Daniel, de la Fuente Oliver Gabriel, Balcells Teres Joaquim
Department of Animal Science, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jul 19;11(7):2136. doi: 10.3390/ani11072136.
The aim of this study was to determine N recovery and irreversible losses (i.e., through NH-N volatilization) from manure in two different housing systems throughout a year using an N mass balance approach. Dietary, milk, and manure N were monitored together with outside temperatures in six dairy barns during six months, comprising two different seasons. Three barns were designed as conventional free stalls (cubicle, CUB) and the other three barns as compost-bedded packs (CB). All the barns were located in the Ebro's valley, in the northeast of Spain. Mass N balance was performed simultaneously in the six barns, during two three-month periods (Season I and II) and sampling at a 15-day interval. Results of ANOVA analysis showed that annual N retained in manure (kg/head per year) from cows housed in CUB barns was significantly higher than in manure from cows housed in CB (133.5 vs. 70.9, < 0.001), while the opposite was observed for N losses (26.9 vs. 84.8, for CUB and CB barn, respectively; < 0.005). The annual mean proportion of irreversible N loss from manure in relation to N intake was much lower in barns using conventional free-stall cubicles than the mean ratio registered in bedded pack systems barns.
本研究的目的是使用氮质量平衡方法，确定全年两种不同饲养系统中粪便的氮回收量和不可逆损失（即通过氨氮挥发造成的损失）。在六个月内，对六个奶牛场的日粮、牛奶和粪便中的氮以及室外温度进行了监测，这六个月包括两个不同的季节。三个牛场设计为传统的自由栏（隔间，CUB），另外三个牛场为堆肥垫料栏（CB）。所有牛场均位于西班牙东北部埃布罗河谷。在六个牛场同时进行了氮质量平衡研究，为期两个三个月的时间段（第一季和第二季）并每隔15天采样一次。方差分析结果表明，CUB牛舍中奶牛粪便中每年保留的氮量（千克/头/年）显著高于CB牛舍中的奶牛粪便（分别为133.5和70.9，<0.001），而氮损失情况则相反（CUB牛舍和CB牛舍分别为26.9和84.8；<0.005）。与采用堆肥垫料栏系统的牛场相比, 使用传统自由栏隔间的牛场中粪便不可逆氮损失占氮摄入量的年平均比例要低得多。
