Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University & Research , P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Gelderland The Netherlands.
Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research , P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Gelderland The Netherlands.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Jan 3;51(1):375-383. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04524. Epub 2016 Dec 20.
Animal manure contributes considerably to ammonia (NH) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Europe. Various treatment technologies have been implemented to reduce emissions and to facilitate its use as fertilizer, but a systematic analysis of these technologies has not yet been carried out. This study presents an integrated assessment of manure treatment effects on NH, nitrous oxide (NO) and methane (CH) emissions from manure management chains in all countries of EU-27 in 2010 using the MITERRA-Europe model. Effects of implementing 12 treatment technologies on emissions and nutrient recovery were further explored through scenario analyses; the level of implementation corresponded to levels currently achieved by forerunner countries. Manure treatment decreased GHG emissions from manures in EU countries by 0-17% in 2010, with the largest contribution from anaerobic digestion; the effects on NH emissions were small. Scenario analyses indicate that increased use of slurry acidification, thermal drying, incineration and pyrolysis may decrease NH (9-11%) and GHG (11-18%) emissions; nitrification-denitrification treatment decreased NH emissions, but increased GHG emissions. The nitrogen recovery (% of nitrogen excreted in housings that is applied to land) would increase from a mean of 57% (in 2010) to 61% by acidification, but would decrease to 48% by incineration. Promoting optimized manure treatment technologies can greatly contribute to achieving NH and GHG emission targets set in EU environmental policies.
动物粪便对欧洲的氨（NH）和温室气体（GHG）排放有很大贡献。已经实施了各种处理技术来减少排放，并促进其作为肥料的使用，但尚未对这些技术进行系统分析。本研究使用 MITERRA-Europe 模型对欧盟 27 个国家 2010 年所有国家的粪便管理链中粪便处理对 NH、氧化亚氮（NO）和甲烷（CH）排放的影响进行了综合评估。通过情景分析进一步探讨了实施 12 种处理技术对排放和养分回收的影响；实施水平相当于先驱国家目前达到的水平。2010 年，粪便处理使欧盟国家的粪便温室气体排放减少了 0-17%，其中厌氧消化的贡献最大；对 NH 排放的影响很小。情景分析表明，增加使用泥浆酸化、热干燥、焚烧和热解可能会降低 NH（9-11%）和 GHG（11-18%）排放；硝化-反硝化处理会降低 NH 排放，但会增加 GHG 排放。氮回收（在房屋中排泄的氮中有多少应用于土地）将从酸化的平均 57%（2010 年）增加到 61%，但通过焚烧将减少到 48%。推广优化的粪便处理技术可以为实现欧盟环境政策设定的 NH 和 GHG 排放目标做出重大贡献。
