Regenerative Strategy for Persistent Periprosthetic Leakage around Tracheoesophageal Puncture: Is It an Effective Long-Term Solution?

Autologous tissue-assisted regenerative procedures have been considered effective to close different types of fistula, including the leakage around tracheoesophageal puncture. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review 10 years of lipotransfer for persistent periprosthetic leakage in laryngectomized patients with voice prosthesis. Clinical records of patients who experienced periprosthetic leakage from December 2009 to December 2019 were reviewed. Patients receiving fat grafting were included. The leakage around the prosthesis was assessed with a methylene blue test. Twenty patients experiencing tracheoesophageal fistula enlargement were treated with fat grafting. At the one-month follow-up, all patients were considered improved with no leakage observed. At six months, a single injection was sufficient to solve 75% of cases (n 15), whereas 25% (n 5) required a second procedure. The overall success rate was 80% (n 16). Results remained stable for a follow-up of 5.54 ± 3.97 years. Fat grafting performed around the voice prosthesis, thanks to its volumetric and regenerative properties, is a valid and lasting option to solve persistent periprosthetic leakage.