Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 21;22(15):7788. doi: 10.3390/ijms22157788.
The tremendous therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation therapy in different branches of medicine has been described in the literature. One of the molecular mechanisms for this treatment implicates the mitochondrial enzyme, cytochrome C oxidase. However, the efficacy and consistency of clinical outcomes with photobiomodulation treatments has been fiercely debated. This work was motivated by this need to improve photobiomodulation devices and delivery approaches. We designed a novel hand-piece with a flat-top beam profile of irradiation. We compared the beam profile versus a standard hand-piece and a fibre probe. We utilized isolated mitochondria and performed treatments at various spots within the beam, namely, the centre, left and right edge. We examined mitochondrial activity by assessing ATP synthesis with the luciferin/luciferase chemiluminescent method as a primary endpoint, while mitochondrial damage was assessed as the secondary endpoint. We observed a uniform distribution of the power density with the flat-top prototype compared to a wide Gaussian beam profile with the standard fibre and standard hand-piece. We noted increased production of ATP in the centre of all three beams with respect to the non-treated controls ( < 0.05). Both the fibre and standard hand-piece demonstrated less increase in ATP synthesis at the edges than the centre ( < 0.05). In contrast, ATP synthesis was increased homogenously in the flat-top handpiece, both in the centre and the edges of the beam. Fibre, standard hand-piece and the flat-top hand-piece prototype have discrete beam distribution characteristics. This significantly affected the mitochondrial activity with respect to their position within the treated areas. Flat-top hand-piece enhances the uniformity of photobiomodulation treatments and can improve the rigour and reproducibility of PBM clinical outcomes.
光生物调节疗法在医学不同领域的巨大治疗潜力在文献中已有描述。这种治疗的一种分子机制涉及线粒体酶细胞色素 C 氧化酶。然而，光生物调节治疗的临床效果和一致性一直存在激烈的争论。这项工作的动机是需要改进光生物调节设备和输送方法。我们设计了一种带有平顶光束分布的新型手持件。我们将光束分布与标准手持件和光纤探头进行了比较。我们利用分离的线粒体，并在光束的不同位置进行处理，即中心、左侧和右侧边缘。我们通过评估用荧光素/荧光素酶化学发光法合成的 ATP 来评估线粒体活性作为主要终点，同时作为次要终点评估线粒体损伤。与标准光纤和标准手持件的宽高斯光束分布相比，我们观察到平顶原型的功率密度分布更均匀。与未经处理的对照组相比（<0.05），我们发现所有三种光束的中心部位的 ATP 产量均增加。光纤和标准手持件在边缘处的 ATP 合成增加均少于中心处（<0.05）。相比之下，在平顶手持件中，光束的中心和边缘处的 ATP 合成均均匀增加。光纤、标准手持件和平顶手持件原型具有离散的光束分布特征。这会显著影响线粒体活性，特别是在治疗区域内的位置。平顶手持件增强了光生物调节治疗的均匀性，并可以提高 PBM 临床结果的严谨性和可重复性。
