Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 27;22(15):8010. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158010.
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants that adversely influences the organism in various mechanisms and on many levels. Oxidative damage occurring concomitantly in many cellular structures may cause a deterioration of function, including apoptosis and necrosis. The damage leaves a molecular "footprint", which can be detected by specific methodology, using certain oxidative stress biomarkers. There is an intimate relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and functional impairment, resulting in various diseases affecting the entire human body. In the current narrative review, we strengthen the connection between oxidative stress mechanisms and their active compounds, emphasizing kidney damage and renal transplantation. An analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, products of peroxidation, and finally signaling pathways gives a lot of promising data that potentially will modify cell responses on many levels, including gene expression. Oxidative damage, stress, and ROS are still intensively exploited research subjects. We discuss compounds mentioned earlier as biomarkers of oxidative stress and present their role documented during the last 20 years of research. The following keywords and MeSH terms were used in the search: oxidative stress, kidney, transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, IRI, biomarkers, peroxidation, and treatment.
氧化应激是一种自由基和抗氧化剂之间的不平衡，它通过多种机制和多个层面对机体产生不利影响。氧化损伤同时发生在许多细胞结构中，可能导致功能恶化，包括细胞凋亡和坏死。损伤会留下分子“足迹”，可以通过特定的方法学，使用某些氧化应激生物标志物来检测。氧化应激、炎症和功能障碍之间存在密切关系，导致各种影响全身的疾病。在当前的叙述性综述中，我们加强了氧化应激机制与其活性化合物之间的联系，重点讨论了肾脏损伤和肾移植。对活性氧（ROS）、抗氧化剂、过氧化产物的分析，以及最终的信号通路，提供了大量有前途的数据，这些数据可能会在多个层面上改变细胞反应，包括基因表达。氧化损伤、应激和 ROS 仍然是研究的热点。我们讨论了前面提到的作为氧化应激生物标志物的化合物，并介绍了它们在过去 20 年的研究中所扮演的角色。使用了以下关键词和 MeSH 术语进行搜索：氧化应激、肾脏、移植、缺血再灌注损伤、IRI、生物标志物、过氧化和治疗。
