University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
Instituto Pedro Nunes (IPN), 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal.
Mikrochim Acta. 2021 Jan 28;188(2):58. doi: 10.1007/s00604-020-04689-7.
Oxidative DNA damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Among oxidative DNA lesions, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and its corresponding nucleotide 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), the guanine and deoxyguanosine oxidation products, have gained much attention, being considered biomarkers for oxidative DNA damage. Both 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG are used to predict overall body oxidative stress levels, to estimate the risk, to detect, and to make prognosis related to treatment of cancer, degenerative, and other age-related diseases. The need for rapid, easy, and low-cost detection and quantification of 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage in complex samples, urine, blood, and tissue, caused an increasing interest on electrochemical sensors based on modified electrodes, due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, low-cost, and easy miniaturization and automation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and exhaustive overview of the fundamental principles concerning the electrochemical determination of the biomarkers 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG using nanostructured materials (NsM), such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene-related materials, gold nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, polymers, nanocomposites, dendrimers, antibodies and aptamers, and modified electrochemical sensors.
氧化 DNA 损伤在各种疾病的发病机制中起着重要作用。在氧化 DNA 损伤中，8-氧鸟嘌呤（8-oxoG）及其相应的核苷酸 8-氧-2'-脱氧鸟苷（8-oxodG），即鸟嘌呤和脱氧鸟嘌呤的氧化产物，受到了广泛关注，被认为是氧化 DNA 损伤的生物标志物。8-oxoG 和 8-oxodG 都可用于预测全身氧化应激水平，估计癌症、退行性和其他与年龄相关疾病的风险、检测和预后。由于基于修饰电极的电化学传感器具有高灵敏度和选择性、低成本以及易于小型化和自动化等特点，因此人们对快速、简便且低成本检测和定量复杂样品（尿液、血液和组织）中氧化 DNA 损伤生物标志物 8-oxoG 和 8-oxodG 的需求不断增加。本综述旨在全面、详尽地介绍使用纳米结构材料（如碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、石墨烯相关材料、金纳米材料、金属纳米粒子、聚合物、纳米复合材料、树枝状大分子、抗体和适体）和修饰电化学传感器电化学测定生物标志物 8-oxoG 和 8-oxodG 的基本原理。
