Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Department of Sociology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2023 Jan;316:114265. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114265. Epub 2021 Jul 28.
Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a social movement against systematic injustice and police violence toward Black people whose goal is to ensure their safety and the expression of their culture. As BLM gained momentum, counter-movements emerged, such as All Lives Matter (ALM), White Lives Matter (WLM), and Blue Lives Matter (BlueLM). Because they undermine support for Black people's safety and culture, exposure to stances against BLM can be a race-related stressor. Although the perception of racial discrimination has been associated with negative health outcomes in Black people, it is not clear whether exposure to negative stances on a race-related social issue is associated with worse health outcomes.
We investigated whether living in areas of the United States with a high prevalence of negative stances on BLM is associated with worse health outcomes, such as higher body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity.
We scraped geo-coded tweets (N = 51,020) that contained #BLM, #ALM, #WLM, and #BlueLM from 2014 to 2016. We determined the stances of the tweets on BLM using machine learning algorithms and aggregated stances at the metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area (MMSA) levels. Participants' BMI and obesity status were derived from the 2017 BRFSS SMART data in 76 MMSAs, as compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N = 20,530).
After controlling for individual- and regional-level covariates, regional measures of racism and police brutality rate, and baseline BMI in 2014 aggregated on MMSA level, Black people had a higher BMI and prevalence of obesity in areas that showed higher negative stances on BLM. Stances against BLM were positively associated with implicit racism against Black people and can be an acute race-related stressor associated with negative downstream health outcomes.
Negative societal sentiments around race-related issues may be detrimental to the health outcomes of minority populations.
“黑人的命也是命”（Black Lives Matter，BLM）是一场反对系统性不公正和警察暴力对待黑人的社会运动，其目标是确保黑人的安全和文化表达。随着 BLM 的声势越来越大，出现了一些与之相对的运动，如“所有人的命都是命”（All Lives Matter，ALM）、“白人的命也是命”（White Lives Matter，WLM）和“警察的命也是命”（Blue Lives Matter，BlueLM）。因为这些运动破坏了对黑人安全和文化的支持，所以接触到反对 BLM 的立场可能会成为一个与种族有关的压力源。尽管黑人对种族歧视的感知与负面健康结果有关，但目前尚不清楚接触与种族有关的社会问题的负面立场是否与更糟糕的健康结果有关。
我们研究了美国哪些地区对 BLM 的负面立场普遍较高，是否与更糟糕的健康结果有关，如更高的体重指数（BMI）和肥胖患病率。
我们从 2014 年到 2016 年从地理标记的推文中（N=51020）提取包含#BLM、#ALM、#WLM 和#BlueLM 的推文。我们使用机器学习算法来确定推文中对 BLM 的立场，并在大都市或小城市统计区（metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area，MMSA）级别上汇总立场。参与者的 BMI 和肥胖状况是由疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）从 2017 年 BRFSS SMART 数据中编译的 76 个 MMSA 中的 20530 人得出的（N=20530）。
在控制了个体和区域层面的协变量、区域种族主义和警察暴力率指标，以及 2014 年 MMSA 层面汇总的基线 BMI 后，在 BLM 方面持负面立场较高的地区，黑人的 BMI 更高，肥胖患病率也更高。反对 BLM 的立场与对黑人的隐性种族主义呈正相关，可能是一个与种族有关的急性压力源，与负面的健康结果有关。
与种族有关的问题的负面社会情绪可能对少数民族的健康结果有害。
