Cai Mengfan, Guy Christophe, Héroux Martin, Lichtfouse Eric, An Chunjiang
Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
Environ Chem Lett. 2021;19(6):3959-3965. doi: 10.1007/s10311-021-01290-z. Epub 2021 Jul 31.
The COVID-19 pandemic has induced many issues for all societal sectors, in particular in the production and disposal of municipal solid waste. This may be because successive easing and reimposing of lockdown measures have deeply changed people's movements, consumers' behaviors and waste management. Previous studies have focused on the short-term effects of lockdowns on waste changes, yet there is little knowledge on waste variations during successive lockdowns and unlocking of various lockdown intensities. Moreover, the efficiency of lockdown and its relation to people's mobility in different countries are still not clear. Here, we studied the variations of amount and composition of municipal solid waste before the pandemic in 2019 and during the pandemic in 2020-2021 in USA, Brazil, Canada, UK, France and Italy. We used a stringency index and a composite mobility index to assess the lockdown intensity and people's movements. Results show that the mobility index sharply decreased with lockdown intensity, and enforcing measures were more efficient in France and Italy. Compared to 2019, prolonged lockdowns caused larger decreases in the quantity of commercial and construction wastes versus household waste. The initial implementation of lockdown or unlocking measures promoted inhabitants' consumption, generally leading to the increased waste amount, by about 9% for Trento and 12% for Montreal at the beginning of lockdown, respectively. Moreover, larger variations in the waste amount in Trento, from - 25.3 to 9.8%, were in line with higher lockdown intensity compared to those in Montreal, from - 9.5 to 12.7%, affected by people's mobility, consumers' behaviors and waste management.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10311-021-01290-z.
新冠疫情给社会各部门带来了诸多问题，尤其是在城市固体废物的生产和处置方面。这可能是因为封锁措施的相继放松和重新实施深刻改变了人们的出行、消费者行为和废物管理。此前的研究主要关注封锁对废物变化的短期影响，但对于连续封锁以及不同封锁强度下的解封期间废物的变化情况了解甚少。此外，不同国家封锁措施的效率及其与人们出行的关系仍不明确。在此，我们研究了美国、巴西、加拿大、英国、法国和意大利在2019年疫情前以及2020 - 2021年疫情期间城市固体废物的数量和成分变化。我们使用了一个严格指数和一个综合出行指数来评估封锁强度和人们的出行情况。结果表明，出行指数随封锁强度急剧下降，法国和意大利的强制措施效率更高。与2019年相比，长时间的封锁导致商业和建筑废物的数量相较于家庭废物减少幅度更大。封锁或解封措施的最初实施促进了居民消费，通常导致废物量增加，例如在封锁开始时，特伦托的废物量增加了约9%，蒙特利尔增加了12%。此外，特伦托的废物量变化幅度更大，从 - 25.3%到9.8%，这与更高的封锁强度相符，而蒙特利尔的变化幅度为 - 9.5%到12.7%，受到人们出行、消费者行为和废物管理的影响。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10311-021-01290-z获取的补充材料。
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