SpaceTimeLab for Big Data Analytics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Public Health. 2022 Oct 14;10:999521. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.999521. eCollection 2022.
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, public health and social measures to contain its transmission (e.g., social distancing and lockdowns) have dramatically changed people's lives in rural and urban areas globally. To facilitate future management of the pandemic, it is important to understand how different socio-demographic groups adhere to such demands. This study aims to evaluate the influences of restriction policies on human mobility variations associated with socio-demographic groups in England, UK.
Using mobile phone global positioning system (GPS) trajectory data, we measured variations in human mobility across socio-demographic groups during different restriction periods from Oct 14, 2020 to Sep 15, 2021. The six restriction periods which varied in degree of mobility restriction policies, denoted as "Three-tier Restriction," "Second National Lockdown," "Four-tier Restriction," "Third National Lockdown," "Steps out of Lockdown," and "Post-restriction," respectively. Individual human mobility was measured with respect to the time period people stayed at home, visited places outside the home, and traveled long distances. We compared these indicators across the six restriction periods and across socio-demographic groups.
All human mobility indicators significantly differed across the six restriction periods, and the influences of restriction policies on individual mobility behaviors are correlated with socio-demographic groups. In particular, influences relating to mobility behaviors are stronger in younger and low-income groups in the second and third national lockdowns.
This study enhances our understanding of the influences of COVID-19 pandemic restriction policies on human mobility behaviors within different social groups in England. The findings can be usefully extended to support policy-making by investigating human mobility and differences in policy effects across not only age and income groups, but also across geographical regions.
自 COVID-19 爆发以来，为了遏制其传播而采取的公共卫生和社会措施（例如，社交距离和封锁）极大地改变了全球城乡居民的生活。为了便于今后对大流行的管理，了解不同社会人口群体对这些要求的遵守情况非常重要。本研究旨在评估限制政策对英国英格兰与社会人口群体相关的人类流动性变化的影响。
我们使用手机全球定位系统（GPS）轨迹数据，测量了 2020 年 10 月 14 日至 2021 年 9 月 15 日期间不同限制期内不同社会人口群体的人类流动性变化。这六个限制期的流动性限制政策程度不同，分别表示为“三级限制”、“第二次全国封锁”、“四级限制”、“第三次全国封锁”、“走出封锁”和“限制后”。个体的人类流动性是根据人们在家中停留的时间、访问家庭以外的地点以及长途旅行的时间来衡量的。我们比较了这六个限制期和不同社会人口群体之间的这些指标。
所有人类流动性指标在六个限制期内均有显著差异，限制政策对个人流动行为的影响与社会人口群体相关。特别是在第二和第三次全国封锁期间，年轻人和低收入群体的流动性行为的影响更大。
本研究增进了我们对英格兰不同社会群体中 COVID-19 大流行限制政策对人类流动性行为的影响的理解。通过调查不仅在年龄和收入群体，而且在地理区域之间的人类流动性和政策效果差异，这些发现可用于支持政策制定。
