利用基本摄入模型计算 2011 年至 2017 年每日全氟辛酸（PFOA）/全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的综合暴露量的估算。
Computational estimates of daily aggregate exposure to PFOA/PFOS from 2011 to 2017 using a basic intake model.
机构信息
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
U.S. EPA, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
出版信息
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2023 Jan;33(1):56-68. doi: 10.1038/s41370-021-00374-w. Epub 2021 Aug 9.
BACKGROUND
Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances has been modeled to estimate serum concentrations. Given that the production and use of these compounds have decreased in recent years, especially PFOA and PFOS, and that additional concentration data have become available from the US and other industrialized countries over the past decade, aggregate median intakes of these two compounds were estimated using more recent data.
METHODS
Summary statistics from secondary sources were collected, averaged, and mapped for indoor and outdoor air, water, dust, and soil for PFOA and PFOS to estimate exposures for adults and children. European dietary intake estimates were used to estimate daily intake from food.
RESULTS
In accordance with decreased concentrations in media, daily intake estimates among adults, i.e., 40 ng/day PFOA and 40 ng/day PFOS, are substantially lower than those reported previously, as are children's estimates of 14 ng/day PFOA and 17 ng/day PFOS. Using a first-order pharmacokinetic model, these results compare favorably to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey serum concentration measurements.
CONCLUSION
Concomitant blood concentrations support this enhanced estimation approach that captures the decline of PFOA/PFOS serum concentration over a decade.
背景
人类接触全氟和多氟烷基物质的情况已通过模型进行了估算，以估计血清浓度。鉴于近年来这些化合物的生产和使用有所减少，特别是全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS），并且在过去十年中美国和其他工业化国家提供了更多的浓度数据，因此使用最新数据估算了这两种化合物的总中位数摄入量。
方法
从二手资料中收集了汇总统计数据，对 PFOA 和 PFOS 的室内和室外空气、水、灰尘和土壤进行了平均和映射，以估算成人和儿童的暴露情况。使用欧洲膳食摄入量估计值来估算食物中的每日摄入量。
结果
与介质中浓度降低相一致，成年人的每日摄入量估计值，即 40ng/天 PFOA 和 40ng/天 PFOS，大大低于之前报告的值，儿童的 PFOA 和 PFOS 摄入量估计值分别为 14ng/天和 17ng/天。使用一阶药代动力学模型，这些结果与国家健康和营养检查调查血清浓度测量值相符。
结论
同时的血液浓度支持这种增强的估算方法，该方法可捕捉到 PFOA/PFOS 血清浓度在十年内的下降。
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