Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2021 Dec 20;224(12 Suppl 2):S792-S800. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab399.
Rotavirus is a major cause of severe pediatric diarrhea worldwide. In 2006, 2 live, oral rotavirus vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, were licensed for use in infants and were rapidly adopted in many high- and middle-income settings where efficacy had been demonstrated in clinical trials. Following completion of successful trials in low-income settings, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended rotavirus vaccination for all infants globally in 2009. In 2018, 2 new rotavirus vaccines, Rotasiil and Rotavac, were prequalified by WHO, expanding global availability. As of March 2021, rotavirus vaccines have been introduced nationally in 106 countries. Since, Rotavirus vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness against severe disease and mortality, even among age groups in eligible for vaccination. Cross-genotypic protection has been demonstrated, and the favorable benefit-risk profile of these vaccines continues to be confirmed. Ongoing research seeks to better understand reasons for the geographic disparities in effectiveness observed, in order to optimize vaccine strategies worldwide.
轮状病毒是导致全球儿童严重腹泻的主要原因。2006 年，两种活的、口服轮状病毒疫苗——Rotarix 和 RotaTeq——获得许可，用于婴儿，并在许多高收入和中等收入国家迅速采用，这些国家在临床试验中证明了其有效性。在低收入国家成功完成试验后，世界卫生组织（WHO）于 2009 年建议在全球范围内为所有婴儿接种轮状病毒疫苗。2018 年，两种新的轮状病毒疫苗——Rotasiil 和 Rotavac——获得世卫组织预认证，扩大了全球供应。截至 2021 年 3 月，轮状病毒疫苗已在 106 个国家全国范围内推出。自那时以来，轮状病毒疫苗已被证明对严重疾病和死亡率有效，即使在符合接种条件的年龄组中也是如此。已证明存在跨基因型保护，这些疫苗的有利风险效益状况仍在不断得到证实。正在进行的研究旨在更好地了解观察到的有效性的地理差异的原因，以便优化全球的疫苗策略。
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