Fan Ping, Yu Hong, Xi Beidou, Tan Wenbing
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Environ Int. 2022 May;163:107244. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107244. Epub 2022 Apr 12.
Plastic products are widely used around the world, but waste plastic is not reasonably managed and causes serious plastic pollution. Biodegradable plastics (BPs) provide an alternative to conventional plastics, but not all BPs can be completely degraded under natural conditions. Instead, they may break down into microplastics (MPs) faster than conventional plastics, posing an additional threat to soil environment. In this paper, the definition, applications, and degradation behaviors of BPs, including biodegradable microplastics (BMPs), are reviewed, and we comprehensively summarized the eco-toxicological effects of BMPs in soil ecosystems, in terms of physical and chemical properties of soil, soil nutrient cycling, soil bacterial and fungal communities, soil flora and fauna. The compound effects of BMPs and other pollutants were also addressed. The results revealed that BMPs made different or more severely effects compared to conventional MPs. Overall, this review aims to address gaps in knowledge, shed light on the ecological effects of BPs and BMPs in soil. BPs are not a perfect substitute to solve plastic pollution, and further exploration should focus on their generation, environmental behavior, ecological impact and whether BMPs cause more harm than conventional MPs.
塑料制品在全球范围内广泛使用，但废弃塑料未得到合理管理，造成了严重的塑料污染。可生物降解塑料（BPs）为传统塑料提供了一种替代品，但并非所有可生物降解塑料都能在自然条件下完全降解。相反，它们可能比传统塑料更快地分解成微塑料（MPs），对土壤环境构成额外威胁。本文综述了包括可生物降解微塑料（BMPs）在内的可生物降解塑料的定义、应用和降解行为，并从土壤的物理和化学性质、土壤养分循环、土壤细菌和真菌群落、土壤动植物等方面全面总结了可生物降解微塑料在土壤生态系统中的生态毒理效应。还讨论了可生物降解微塑料与其他污染物的复合效应。结果表明，与传统微塑料相比，可生物降解微塑料产生的影响不同或更严重。总体而言，本综述旨在填补知识空白，阐明可生物降解塑料和可生物降解微塑料在土壤中的生态效应。可生物降解塑料并非解决塑料污染的完美替代品，进一步的探索应集中在它们的产生、环境行为、生态影响以及可生物降解微塑料是否比传统微塑料造成更大危害等方面。
