Zahra Duaa, Javaid Anam, Iqbal Mudassir, Akbar Iqra, Ashfaq Usman Ali
Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2021;38(5):1-26. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2021037662.
Applications of nanoceria in the biomedical field are quite promising, as previous data has shown potential use of nanoceria as therapeutics via radical scavenging and oxidative stress mitigating properties. But, still, there are contradicting reports regarding nanoceria activity, mode of action, and in vitro toxicity in the cell. There are different nanoceria synthesis methods and Ligands for functionalization and loading of nanoceria into drugs for targeted drug delivery. Redox chemistry of nanoceria exerts their anticancer properties through apoptosis and oxidative stress as it can switch between Ce3+ and Ce4+ and act as free radical scavengers. For breast cancer treatment, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) can act as protectant for healthy cells against on-going radiotherapy. Similarly, CeONPs were used to make pancreatic cancer cells more sensitive to radiation damage setting them on the apoptotic pathway. Herein, the study reflects the use of nanoceria as a drug delivery system in chemotherapy due to its efficiency in acidic pH and oxidase activity in the microenvironment. A controlled drug delivery system was adapted using a nano-complexes of AMD-GCCNP-DOX, which were then employed against the retinoblastoma cells from the human eye to target the overexpressing chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). In radiotherapy, nanoceria acts as radioprotectants due to their free radical scavenging property and inhibit the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer. This paper summarizes the synthesis methods and application of nanoceria in cancer.
纳米氧化铈在生物医学领域的应用前景广阔，因为先前的数据表明纳米氧化铈具有通过清除自由基和减轻氧化应激的特性作为治疗剂的潜在用途。但是，关于纳米氧化铈的活性、作用方式以及在细胞中的体外毒性，仍然存在相互矛盾的报道。纳米氧化铈有不同的合成方法以及用于功能化和将纳米氧化铈负载到药物中以实现靶向药物递送的配体。纳米氧化铈的氧化还原化学通过凋亡和氧化应激发挥其抗癌特性，因为它可以在Ce3+和Ce4+之间转换并充当自由基清除剂。对于乳腺癌治疗，氧化铈纳米颗粒（CeONPs）可以作为健康细胞抵御正在进行的放射治疗的保护剂。同样，CeONPs被用于使胰腺癌细胞对辐射损伤更敏感，使其走上凋亡途径。在此，该研究反映了纳米氧化铈因其在酸性pH下的效率和微环境中的氧化酶活性而在化疗中作为药物递送系统的用途。使用AMD-GCCNP-DOX的纳米复合物采用了一种可控药物递送系统，然后将其用于针对人眼视网膜母细胞瘤细胞以靶向过表达的趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）。在放射治疗中，纳米氧化铈由于其自由基清除特性而充当辐射防护剂，并抑制胃癌的增殖和迁移。本文总结了纳米氧化铈在癌症中的合成方法和应用。
