Department of Educational Psychology and Counselling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Psychology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
PLoS One. 2021 Aug 13;16(8):e0256088. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256088. eCollection 2021.
Accurate measurement and suitable strategies facilitate people regulate their sadness in an effective manner. Regulating or mitigating negative emotions, particularly sadness, is crucial mainly because constant negative emotions may lead to psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. This paper presents an overview of sadness regulation strategies and related measurement.
Upon adhering to five-step scoping review, this study combed through articles that looked into sadness regulation retrieved from eight databases.
As a result of reviewing 40 selected articles, 110 strategies were identified to regulate emotions, particularly sadness. Some of the most commonly reported strategies include expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal, distraction, seeking social or emotional support, and rumination. The four types of measures emerged from the review are self-reported, informant report (parents or peers), open-ended questions, and emotion regulation instructions. Notably, most studies had tested psychometric properties using Cronbach's alpha alone, while only a handful had assessed validity (construct and factorial validity) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha or test-retest) based on responses captured from questionnaire survey.
Several sadness regulation strategies appeared to vary based on gender, age, and use of strategy. Despite the general measurement of emotion regulation, only one measure was developed to measure sadness regulation exclusively for children. Future studies may develop a comprehensive battery of measures to assess sadness regulation using multi-component method.
准确的测量和适当的策略可以帮助人们有效地调节自己的悲伤。调节或减轻负面情绪，特别是悲伤，是至关重要的，因为持续的负面情绪可能导致心理障碍，如抑郁和焦虑。本文综述了悲伤调节策略及其相关测量。
本研究遵循五步范围综述，从八个数据库中检索了关于悲伤调节的文章进行梳理。
通过对 40 篇选定文章的回顾，确定了 110 种调节情绪，特别是悲伤的策略。一些最常报告的策略包括表达抑制、认知重评、分心、寻求社会或情感支持和沉思。综述中出现的四种类型的测量方法是自我报告、知情者报告（父母或同伴）、开放式问题和情绪调节指令。值得注意的是，大多数研究仅使用 Cronbach's alpha 来测试心理测量特性，而只有少数研究根据问卷调查中的应答情况评估了有效性（构念和因子有效性）和可靠性（Cronbach's alpha 或测试-重测）。
一些悲伤调节策略似乎因性别、年龄和策略的使用而有所不同。尽管情绪调节的一般测量方法已经存在，但目前仅有一项专门用于测量儿童悲伤调节的测量方法。未来的研究可以使用多成分方法开发综合的悲伤调节评估工具包。
