Zulfiqar Hina, Shah Imran Ullah, Sheas Muhammad Naveed, Ahmed Zahoor, Ejaz Umaira, Ullah Irfan, Saleem Saad, Imran Muhammad, Hameed Muhammad, Akbar Banaras
Department of Diet & Nutritional Sciences University of Lahore Islamabad Campus Pakistan.
Human Nutrition and dietetics (HND) Iqra University North Campus Plot no. 204 _ 205, Sector 7B/1, North Karachi Karachi Pakistan.
Food Sci Nutr. 2021 Jun 21;9(8):4127-4133. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2373. eCollection 2021 Aug.
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common public health occurrence of pregnancy which is particularly prevalent in developing countries like Pakistan. During this critical period, the deficiency of iron is very common as the iron requirements are greatly enhanced. IDA during pregnancy is associated with intrauterine growth retardation, premature birth, low birthweight, increased labor time, higher risk of infection, elevated maternal and prenatal mortality, muscle dysfunction, and low physical capacity. The present study was aimed to check the prevalence, effect of diet on IDA and its association with the pregnancy outcome, that is, birthweight. Five different public sector hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were analyzed. A sample size of 500 pregnant females of third trimester was observed which were then followed after delivery from September 2020 to January 2021. A well-designed questionnaire was developed where different demographic factors, dietary recalls, biomarkers, and other determinants were obtained. The data from the questionnaires were later coded for the purpose of analysis in the statistical package (SPSS) using chi-square test. Our study indicated that IDA is a moderate public health problem among pregnant women in twin cities and more than half of study subjects have depleted iron stores. Approximately 63% of the subjects were having iron deficiency and 24.8% were facing severe iron deficiency anemia. Only 12% of the subjects were considered as normal. The high prevalence of anemia in our subjects was probably due to low iron intake and poor dietary habits. The results of the study may not be generalizable due to time constraints and other factors. Maternal anemia still remains a major public health concern that requires more attention especially in developing and underdeveloping countries.
缺铁性贫血（IDA）是孕期常见的公共卫生问题，在巴基斯坦等发展中国家尤为普遍。在这个关键时期，由于铁需求量大幅增加，缺铁情况非常常见。孕期缺铁性贫血与宫内生长迟缓、早产、低出生体重、产程延长、感染风险增加、孕产妇及围产儿死亡率升高、肌肉功能障碍和身体能力低下有关。本研究旨在调查缺铁性贫血的患病率、饮食对缺铁性贫血的影响及其与妊娠结局（即出生体重）的关系。对拉瓦尔品第和伊斯兰堡的五家不同的公立部门医院进行了分析。观察了500名孕晚期女性的样本，然后在2020年9月至2021年1月分娩后进行随访。设计了一份精心设计的问卷，获取了不同的人口统计学因素、饮食回忆、生物标志物和其他决定因素。问卷数据随后进行编码，以便在统计软件包（SPSS）中使用卡方检验进行分析。我们的研究表明，缺铁性贫血在双城的孕妇中是一个中等程度的公共卫生问题，超过一半的研究对象铁储备不足。约63%的受试者缺铁，24.8%面临严重缺铁性贫血。只有12%的受试者被认为正常。我们研究对象中贫血的高患病率可能是由于铁摄入量低和饮食习惯不良。由于时间限制和其他因素，本研究结果可能无法推广。孕产妇贫血仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，需要更多关注，尤其是在发展中国家和欠发达国家。
