Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2021 Nov;1503(1):5-22. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14668. Epub 2021 Aug 17.
Different cellular mechanisms contribute to osteocyte development. And while critical roles for members of the zinc finger protein SNAI family (SNAIs) have been discussed in cancer-related models, there are few reviews summarizing their importance for chondrocyte-to-osteocyte development. To help fill this gap, we review the roles of SNAIs in the development of mature osteocytes from chondrocytes, including the regulation of chondro- and osteogenesis through different signaling pathways and in programmed cell death. We also discuss how epigenetic factors-including DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation, and noncoding RNAs-contribute differently to both chondrocyte and osteocyte development. To better grasp the important roles of SNAIs in bone development, we also review genotype-phenotype correlations in different animal models. We end with comments about the possible importance of the SNAI family in cartilage/bone development and the potential applications for therapeutic goals.
不同的细胞机制有助于骨细胞的发育。虽然锌指蛋白 SNAI 家族（SNAIs）成员在癌症相关模型中的作用已经得到了讨论，但很少有综述总结它们在软骨细胞向骨细胞发育过程中的重要性。为了帮助填补这一空白，我们综述了 SNAIs 在成熟骨细胞从软骨细胞发育中的作用，包括通过不同的信号通路和程序性细胞死亡调节软骨和成骨。我们还讨论了表观遗传因素——包括 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化以及非编码 RNA——如何对软骨细胞和骨细胞的发育产生不同的影响。为了更好地理解 SNAIs 在骨骼发育中的重要作用，我们还综述了不同动物模型中的基因型-表型相关性。最后，我们对 SNAI 家族在软骨/骨骼发育中的可能重要性以及治疗目标的潜在应用进行了评论。
