Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2021 Sep;49(11):3076-3087. doi: 10.1177/03635465211036447. Epub 2021 Aug 18.
Multiteam, multi-institution prospective studies of both women's and men's sports are essential for collectively investigating injury and primary to the generalization and individualization of injury prevention strategies.
Characteristics of workload, sleep, and contextual factors will be associated with injury risk in collegiate soccer athletes.
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Injuries, workload, and sleep characteristics were recorded daily throughout a complete season for 256 athletes from 12 separate National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men's and women's soccer teams. Workload and contextual factors were assessed via multilevel Poisson regression to capture differences in injury incidence rate ratio (IRR). Paired test and multilevel logistic regressions were used to assess the relationship between sleep behavior and injury.
Collegiate soccer athletes had lower rates of noncontact injury in the in-season (IRR, 0.42) and postseason (IRR, 0.48) compared with preseason, lower rates of injury in training (IRR, 0.64) compared with matches, and higher injury rates with only 1 day of rest in the previous week (IRR, 1.58) compared with >1 day. Injury rates peaked when training occurred 4 days before a match (IRR, 2.24) compared with a match. Injury rate increased exponentially with increases in the number of noncontact injuries incurred throughout the season (IRR, 2.23). Lower chronic loading, higher training monotony, and acute spikes and lulls in workload were associated with higher noncontact injury rates. Alterations in previous week sleep quality were associated with injury, while chronic sleep behavior and acute alterations (<7 days) in sleep behavior were not ( > .05).
Athlete and schedule-specific contextual factors, combined with characteristics of workload and weekly sleep behavior, are significantly associated with injury in collegiate soccer. Multiteam prospective cohort studies involving objective and subjective monitoring allow for the identification of multiple injury risk factors in sports, which can be used to guide injury prevention strategies. Maintaining higher chronic workloads, lowering training monotony, minimizing acute spikes or lulls in workloads, managing workloads during preseason and for athletes with previous injury, integrating more rest and recovery during congested periods, and optimizing sleep quality are all practical considerations for reducing injury risk in collegiate soccer.
多团队、多机构的女性和男性运动前瞻性研究对于集体研究伤害至关重要，是将伤害预防策略推广和个体化的基础。
在大学生足球运动员中，工作量、睡眠和环境因素的特征与受伤风险相关。
队列研究；证据水平，2 级。
在一个完整赛季中，对来自 12 支不同的美国大学体育协会（NCAA）一级男女足球队的 256 名运动员进行了日常的伤病、工作量和睡眠特征记录。使用多层次泊松回归评估工作量和环境因素，以捕捉损伤发生率比（IRR）的差异。配对检验和多层次逻辑回归用于评估睡眠行为与损伤之间的关系。
与 preseason 相比，大学生足球运动员在赛季内（IRR，0.42）和季后（IRR，0.48）的非接触性损伤率较低，与比赛相比，在训练（IRR，0.64）中的损伤率较低，而前一周只有 1 天的休息时间（IRR，1.58）比>1 天的休息时间高。当训练在比赛前 4 天进行时（IRR，2.24），与比赛相比，受伤率最高。随着赛季中累积的非接触性损伤次数的增加，受伤率呈指数增长（IRR，2.23）。较低的慢性负荷、较高的训练单调性以及工作量的急性波动和下降与较高的非接触性损伤率相关。前一周睡眠质量的改变与损伤有关，而慢性睡眠行为和急性睡眠行为改变（<7 天）与损伤无关（>.05）。
运动员和赛程特定的环境因素，结合工作量和每周睡眠行为的特点，与大学生足球运动员的受伤显著相关。涉及客观和主观监测的多团队前瞻性队列研究，可以确定运动中的多个受伤危险因素，从而指导伤害预防策略。保持较高的慢性工作量、降低训练单调性、最大限度地减少工作量的急性波动或下降、在赛季前和有既往损伤的运动员中管理工作量、在密集时期增加更多的休息和恢复、以及优化睡眠质量，这些都是降低大学生足球受伤风险的实际考虑因素。
