Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, S7H 5N9, Canada.
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2021 Jun 1;99(6). doi: 10.1093/jas/skab109.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finisher pigs. A total of 240 mixed-sex grower-finisher pigs (35.9 ± 1.1 kg initial body weight, BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (6 pigs/pen; 10 pens/treatment) for 77 d. Diets consisted of a control diet without DON (CONT) and diets containing 1, 3, or 5 ppm DON (DON1, DON3, or DON5). Nitrogen-balance was determined in 1 pig/pen during weeks 6 and 12 of the study. Growth performance measures were taken weekly for average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (GF) until day 77. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 42, 56, and 84 from 1 pig/pen for analysis of indicators of liver and kidney function. On day 7, ADG and ADFI for pigs fed DON3 and DON5 diets were lower (P < 0.05) compared with DON1- and CONT-fed pigs. Overall, ADG and ADFI (days 0 to 77) were lower in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs (P < 0.05), with no difference in GF (P > 0.05). Final BW was reduced in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs (P < 0.05) compared with CONT and DON1, which were not different (P > 0.05). No significant (P > 0.05) treatment effects were observed on carcass characteristics. In the grower-phase, protein deposition (PD) was reduced in DON3 and DON5 pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs (P < 0.05). In the finisher phase, PD was not affected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). There was no effect of dietary treatment on the majority of selected serum chemistry (P > 0.05). In summary, pigs exposed to diets containing > 1 ppm DON had reduced growth performance with little or no effect on nitrogen utilization, organ health, or carcass characteristics, suggesting that the negative effects of DON may be largely due to depressed feed intake.
本研究旨在评估长期饲喂不同水平脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）对生长育肥猪生产性能、养分利用率和器官健康的影响。共选择 240 头公母混养的生长育肥猪（初始体重 35.9±1.1kg），随机分成 4 个处理组（每组 6 头猪，每处理 10 个重复），每个处理组饲喂一种日粮，试验期 77d。对照组日粮不含 DON（CONT），DON1、DON3 和 DON5 组日粮中 DON 的添加水平分别为 1、3 和 5ppm。在试验第 6 周和第 12 周，每个重复选择 1 头猪进行氮平衡测定。每周记录每头猪的平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（GF），直到第 77 天。从每个重复中选择 1 头猪，在试验第 0、14、42、56 和 84 天采集血样，用于检测肝功能和肾功能指标。与 DON1 和 CONT 组相比，饲喂 DON3 和 DON5 日粮的猪在第 7 天的 ADG 和 ADFI 显著降低（P＜0.05）。总的来说，饲喂 DON3 和 DON5 日粮的猪的 ADG 和 ADFI（0-77 天）显著低于 CONT 和 DON1 组（P＜0.05），而 GF 没有显著差异（P＞0.05）。与 CONT 和 DON1 组相比，饲喂 DON3 和 DON5 日粮的猪的末重显著降低（P＜0.05），但 CONT 和 DON1 组之间没有差异（P＞0.05）。育肥期，与 CONT 和 DON1 组相比，DON3 和 DON5 组猪的蛋白质沉积（PD）显著降低（P＜0.05）。肥育期，日粮处理对 PD 没有影响（P＞0.05）。血清生化指标中，大部分指标不受日粮处理的影响（P＞0.05）。综上所述，饲喂含 DON＞1ppm 的日粮会降低猪的生长性能，对氮利用率、器官健康或胴体特性几乎没有影响，这表明 DON 的负面影响可能主要是由于采食量下降所致。
