Masci Maurizio, Zoani Claudia, Nevigato Teresina, Turrini Aida, Jasionowska Renata, Caproni Roberto, Ratini Patrizia
Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy.
Department for Sustainability-Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division (ENEA-SSPT-BIOAG), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy.
Electrophoresis. 2022 Jan;43(1-2):340-354. doi: 10.1002/elps.202100154. Epub 2021 Sep 2.
Milk and derivatives are a very important part in the diet of the world population. Products from goat, buffalo, and sheep species have a greater economic value than the cow ones, therefore, authenticity frauds by improperly adding cow's milk occur frequently: dairy products are among the seven more attractive foods for adulteration. Milk from each of the above-cited animal species has its own definite profile of whey proteins (variants of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin) and its definite profile of caseins (variants of α -, α -, β-, and κ-casein). Such proteins can be usefully exploited as markers of authenticity by using capillary electrophoresis which is the technique of choice for the analysis of proteins. Due to the multiple adjustable parameters that are unknown to other analytical techniques, capillary electrophoresis is able to detect frauds in milk mixtures and cheese with little use of solvents, fast analysis time, and ease of operation. This makes it attractive and competitive for routine checks that are very important to fight the adulteration market. Advantages and limitations are discussed.
牛奶及其衍生物是世界人口饮食中非常重要的一部分。山羊、水牛和绵羊品种的产品比牛奶产品具有更高的经济价值，因此，通过不当添加牛奶进行的真实性欺诈频繁发生：乳制品是七种最容易掺假的食品之一。上述每种动物的牛奶都有其特定的乳清蛋白谱（α-乳白蛋白和β-乳球蛋白变体）和特定的酪蛋白谱（α-、α-、β-和κ-酪蛋白变体）。通过使用毛细管电泳，这些蛋白质可以作为真实性的有用标记物，毛细管电泳是蛋白质分析的首选技术。由于其他分析技术未知的多个可调节参数，毛细管电泳能够在使用很少溶剂、分析时间短且操作简便的情况下检测牛奶混合物和奶酪中的欺诈行为。这使得它对于打击掺假市场非常重要的常规检查具有吸引力和竞争力。本文讨论了其优缺点。
