Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA,
Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA.
Psychopathology. 2021;54(6):325-334. doi: 10.1159/000517795. Epub 2021 Aug 18.
Cognitive failures are commonplace within the general population but may be particularly heightened in those with higher levels of schizotypy. This is especially salient in the context of enduring trait and momentary state negative emotion which often contributes to increases in daily impairments, leading to a more debilitating and distracted life. Particularly, individuals with elevated levels of schizotypy may be more likely to experience cognitive failures, especially in the presence of negative trait emotion such as depression, anxiety, and stress. However, little is known about the influence of state emotion and the distinct roles that state and trait emotion may have with cognitive failures and schizotypy.
To replicate and extend previous findings, 306 (58% males) undergraduate students aged 18-50 years (M = 19.343; SD = 2.493) completed self-report measures of cognitive failures, trait and state emotion, and schizotypy. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed in SPSS to examine the potential effects of trait and state emotion on the relationship between schizotypy and cognitive failures.
Consistent with previous findings, mood symptomology, in addition to negative affect, mediated cognitive failures in those with higher levels of schizotypy. However, in our sample, positive affect did not appear to buffer against cognitive failures.
The findings of the present study suggest there may be a nuanced relationship between both negative trait and state emotions on the relationships between cognitive failures and schizotypy. Understanding the interaction of enduring versus momentary emotion on cognition as they relate to an elevated risk for developing schizophrenia-spectrum phenomena may be a point for earlier and more targeted interventions.
认知失败在普通人群中很常见，但在具有较高精神分裂症倾向水平的人群中可能更为突出。这在持久特质和短暂状态负性情绪的背景下尤为明显，这些情绪常常导致日常功能障碍的增加，从而导致生活更加虚弱和分散注意力。特别是，具有较高精神分裂症倾向水平的个体可能更容易经历认知失败，尤其是在存在抑郁、焦虑和压力等负面特质情绪的情况下。然而，人们对状态情绪的影响以及状态和特质情绪在认知失败和精神分裂症倾向中的作用知之甚少。
为了复制和扩展先前的发现，306 名（58%为男性）年龄在 18-50 岁之间的大学生（M=19.343；SD=2.493）完成了认知失败、特质和状态情绪以及精神分裂症倾向的自我报告测量。在 SPSS 中进行了中介和调节分析，以检验特质和状态情绪对精神分裂症倾向与认知失败之间关系的潜在影响。
与先前的发现一致，除了负性情绪外，情绪症状学也在具有较高精神分裂症倾向水平的个体中对认知失败进行了中介。然而，在我们的样本中，积极情绪似乎并没有对认知失败起到缓冲作用。
本研究的结果表明，在认知失败与精神分裂症倾向之间的关系中，特质和状态负性情绪之间可能存在一种细微的关系。了解持久情绪与短暂情绪对认知的相互作用，以及它们与发展为精神分裂症谱系现象的风险增加之间的关系，可能是早期和更有针对性干预的一个重点。
