Programa de pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av Pará, 1720, Bloco 2 U, Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG38405-320, Brasil.
Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Public Health Nutr. 2022 Feb;25(2):214-224. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021002950. Epub 2021 Aug 19.
To analyse the trend of social inequality in food consumption among Brazilians from 2008 to 2019.
Time series analyses using cross-sectional annual data from the Telephone Surveillance System (VIGITEL 2008-2019). Food consumption was evaluated through: (1) consumption of five or more portions of fruits and vegetables in ≥5 d/week; (2) consumption of beans in ≥5 d/week and (3) consumption of soft drinks or artificial juices in ≥5 d/week. Absolute inequality was assessed by the slope index of inequality (SII) and relative inequality by the concentration index (CIX). SII and CIX positive values indicate higher prevalence among more educated citizens and negative among less educated ones. Time trend was assessed by linear regression using weighted least squares.
26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District.
621 689 individuals ≥18 years.
Fruits and vegetable consumption was more prevalent among the more educated citizens, while beans were mostly consumed by the less educated, and soft drinks or artificial juices was more prevalent among individuals with intermediate education. The highest absolute inequality was found for beans (SII2019 -25·9). In 12 years, the absolute inequality increased for fruit and vegetable consumption (from SII2008 12·8 to SII2019 16·2), remained for beans (SII2008 -23·1 to SII2019 -25·9) and reduced for soft drinks or artificial juices (SII2008 8·7 to SII2019 0·4). Relative inequality was low and constant.
Despite the advances reducing inequalities in soft drinks or artificial juice consumption, the increase in the social gap for adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables is troublesome.
分析 2008 年至 2019 年巴西人食物消费社会不平等趋势。
使用横断面年度数据的时间序列分析，数据来自电话监测系统（VIGITEL 2008-2019）。通过以下三种方式评估食物消费：（1）每周≥5 天食用 5 份或更多份水果和蔬菜；（2）每周≥5 天食用豆类；（3）每周≥5 天饮用软饮料或人工果汁。绝对不平等通过不平等斜率指数（SII）评估，相对不平等通过集中指数（CIX）评估。SII 和 CIX 的正值表示受教育程度较高的公民的患病率较高，负值表示受教育程度较低的公民的患病率较高。使用加权最小二乘法的线性回归评估时间趋势。
26 个巴西州首府和联邦区。
≥18 岁的 621689 人。
水果和蔬菜的消费更多见于受教育程度较高的公民，而豆类主要由受教育程度较低的公民消费，中等教育程度的公民更倾向于饮用软饮料或人工果汁。豆类的绝对不平等最高（SII2019-25.9）。12 年来，水果和蔬菜消费的绝对不平等增加（SII2008 为 12.8，SII2019 为 16.2），豆类的绝对不平等保持不变（SII2008 为-23.1，SII2019 为-25.9），软饮料或人工果汁的绝对不平等减少（SII2008 为 8.7，SII2019 为 0.4）。相对不平等较低且保持不变。
尽管在减少软饮料或人工果汁消费方面取得了进展，但水果和蔬菜摄入方面社会差距的扩大令人不安。
