Schulsinger F, Parnas J, Mednick S, Teasdale T W, Schulsinger H
Department of Psychiatry, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Psychiatr Res. 1987;21(4):431-6. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(87)90090-2.
The longitudinal prospective study of populations at risk is considered a powerful strategy towards disentangling hereditary and environmental factors. Data from Mednick and Schulsinger's 1962 study in Copenhagen, on children at high-risk for schizophrenia are used as an illustration. Pregnancy and birth complications, as well as institutional rearing in early childhood contributes towards schizophrenia in the risk children, but not in the low-risk controls. Risk children with an outcome of schizotypal personality disorder were hardly exposed to perinatal complications. To some extent, schizophrenia may be considered as a complicated form of schizotypal personality disorder, which again may be a genetically transmitted condition.
对高危人群进行纵向前瞻性研究被认为是区分遗传因素和环境因素的有力策略。以梅德尼克和舒尔辛格1962年在哥本哈根对精神分裂症高危儿童的研究数据为例。怀孕和分娩并发症以及幼儿期的机构抚养对高危儿童患精神分裂症有影响，但对低危对照组则无影响。患有分裂型人格障碍的高危儿童几乎没有经历围产期并发症。在某种程度上，精神分裂症可被视为分裂型人格障碍的一种复杂形式，而分裂型人格障碍又可能是一种遗传传递的疾病。
