School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K.
Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K.
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2021 Oct 29;5(4):575-589. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20210015.
Regenerative medicine, using cells as therapeutic agents for the repair or regeneration of tissues and organs, offers great hope for the future of medicine. Cell therapy for treating defects in articular cartilage has been an exemplar of translating this technology to the clinic, but it is not without its challenges. These include applying regulations, which were designed for pharmaceutical agents, to living cells. In addition, using autologous cells as the therapeutic agent brings additional costs and logistical challenges compared with using allogeneic cells. The main cell types used in treating chondral or osteochondral defects in joints to date are chondrocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord. This review discusses some of their biology and pre-clinical studies before describing the most pertinent clinical trials in this area.
再生医学利用细胞作为治疗剂，用于组织和器官的修复或再生，为医学的未来带来了巨大的希望。细胞疗法治疗关节软骨缺损是将这项技术转化为临床应用的典范，但它并非没有挑战。这些挑战包括将原本为药物设计的法规应用于活细胞。此外，与使用同种异体细胞相比，使用自体细胞作为治疗剂会带来额外的成本和后勤挑战。迄今为止，用于治疗关节软骨或骨软骨缺损的主要细胞类型是软骨细胞和间充质基质细胞，它们来源于骨髓、脂肪组织或脐带等多种来源。本文在描述该领域的相关临床试验之前，讨论了它们的一些生物学特性和临床前研究。
