Department of Physical Therapy, FREMAP-Majadahonda Hospital, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Physical Therapy Salus Informorum, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 37007 Madrid, Spain.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Jul 29;12(8):1177. doi: 10.3390/genes12081177.
The potential influence of genetics in athletic performance allows the search for genetic profiles associated with muscular work for the orientation of strength training and sports selection. The purpose of the study was to analyze four muscular exercises for effectiveness in improving explosive strength variables, associated to the genetics in Angiotensin Converting Enzyme () and α-actinin-3 () polymorphisms.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted on a sample of 80 subjects allocated into four groups: concentric muscle work (CMW), eccentric muscle work (EMW), concentric-eccentric muscle (C-EMW) work and isometric muscular work (IMW), by block and gender randomization. Vertical jump, long jump, power jump, and speed were measured to study explosive strength. Genotypic frequencies of (rs4646994) and (rs1815739) were obtained by polymerase chain reaction.
gen showed significant improvements regarding the DD genotype in the Sargent test ( = 0.003) and sprint velocity test ( = 0.017). In the gene, the RR variable obtained improvement results with regard to RX and XX variables in long jump ( < 0.001), Sargent test ( < 0.001) and power jump ( = 0.004).
The selected genes demonstrated an influence on the muscle work and the improvement in explosive strength variables with a decisive role regarding the type of muscle work performed.
遗传因素对运动表现的潜在影响使得人们可以寻找与肌肉做功相关的基因谱，以指导力量训练和运动选材。本研究旨在分析四种肌肉练习对提高与血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）和α-辅肌动蛋白-3（ACTN3）基因多态性相关的爆发力变量的有效性。
采用随机对照试验设计，对 80 名受试者进行分组，按照块和性别随机分为四组：向心肌肉工作（CMW）、离心肌肉工作（EMW）、向心-离心肌肉工作（C-EMW）和等长肌肉工作（IMW）。通过聚合酶链反应获得 ACE（rs4646994）和 ACTN3（rs1815739）基因的基因型频率。垂直跳跃、跳远、力量跳跃和速度用于研究爆发力。
ACE 基因的 DD 基因型在 Sargent 测试（ = 0.003）和冲刺速度测试（ = 0.017）中显示出显著改善。在 ACTN3 基因中，RR 变量在跳远（ < 0.001）、Sargent 测试（ < 0.001）和力量跳跃（ = 0.004）中与 RX 和 XX 变量相比获得了改善。
所选基因对肌肉做功和爆发力变量的提高有影响，对所进行的肌肉做功类型有决定性作用。
