Department of Epidemiology and Hygiene, Chair of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 4, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Public Health, Chair of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 4, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Jul 22;57(8):738. doi: 10.3390/medicina57080738.
The World Health Assembly adopted the Global Health Strategy and aims to reduce the incidence of Hepatitis from up to 10 million cases per year to 0.9 million cases and to reduce deaths from 1.4 million to 0.5 million per year by 2030. However, given the prevalence of chronic Hepatitis B in many countries and the incidence of new cases of acute Hepatitis B, the task is not easy. This study investigates the trends and determinants of the incidence of acute Hepatitis B in Poland in 2005-2019. : Data on the incidence of acute hepatitis B (AHBV) were obtained from the National Institute of Public Health. A case definition for AHBV was consistent with the EU definition. The incidence trends were determined by considering the sex, age and place of residence. Due to the exponential dependence model, the computations were based on the logarithm of the incidence rate. This allowed for the transformation to linear form and analysis could be conducted using linear models. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the linear trend of incidence in general and according to sex and place of residence. The values of incidence rates (independent proportions test) and the coefficients illustrating the trends under study were also compared among males and females as well as urban and rural residents. : The incidence of AHBV in the Polish population decreased with similar slopes in both sexes. The newly reported cases of AHBV were more frequent in the male population. The incidence of acute Hepatitis B in the urban population was significantly higher than in the rural population. The significant decreasing trends in incidence were observed in all age ranges, with the exception of two age ranges 0-4 and 10-14, where the total incidence during the whole study period was negligible. Despite the significant decrease in the incidence of AHBV in Poland and its position among the European countries with the lowest hepatitis B (HBV) incidence, the alarmingly high proportion of iatrogenic infections requires further improvement in the sanitary condition of health care facilities. It is also necessary to decrease the number of unvaccinated individuals.
世界卫生大会通过了全球卫生战略，目标是将每年乙型肝炎发病率从 1000 万例减少到 90 万例，并将每年因乙型肝炎死亡人数从 140 万例减少到 50 万例。然而，鉴于许多国家慢性乙型肝炎的流行以及急性乙型肝炎新发病例的发生，这一任务并不容易。本研究调查了 2005-2019 年波兰急性乙型肝炎发病率的趋势和决定因素。：急性乙型肝炎（AHBV）发病率数据来自国家公共卫生研究所。AHBV 的病例定义与欧盟的定义一致。考虑到性别、年龄和居住地，确定了发病率趋势。由于存在指数依存模型，因此计算基于发病率的对数。这允许转换为线性形式，并可以使用线性模型进行分析。Pearson 相关用于确定总体发病率以及按性别和居住地的线性趋势。还比较了男性和女性以及城市和农村居民中发病率率（独立比例检验）和研究中说明趋势的系数的值。：波兰人口中 AHBV 的发病率呈下降趋势，两性的斜率相似。新报告的 AHBV 病例在男性人群中更为常见。城市人口中急性乙型肝炎的发病率明显高于农村人口。除了两个年龄组（0-4 岁和 10-14 岁）之外，所有年龄组的发病率都呈显著下降趋势，在整个研究期间，这两个年龄组的总发病率可以忽略不计。尽管波兰 AHBV 的发病率显著下降，在乙型肝炎（HBV）发病率最低的欧洲国家中排名靠前，但令人震惊的高比例的医源性感染需要进一步改善医疗保健设施的卫生条件。还需要减少未接种疫苗的人数。
