Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal.
Sport Medicine Chair, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 6;18(16):8322. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168322.
Previous canoe sprint studies evaluated the best paddlers of their categories. This investigation aimed to identify the importance of biological maturation and athletes' experience in kayaking performance and observe possible differences regarding anthropometry, years of practice, and performance. Eighty under 14 years of age (U14) and fifty under 16 years of age (U16) kayakers aged 13.40 ± 0.54 and 15.25 ± 0.61 years were evaluated. Kayakers were assessed for anthropometry (body mass (kg); stretch stature (cm); and sitting height (cm)), performance (time at 3000 m for U14 and 5000 m for U16 kayakers), and somatic maturation (predicted adult height (PAH) and maturity offset). In the U14 kayakers, years of practice, sitting height, and maturity offset showed significant differences ( < 0.05) between the Top10 and Middle, and Middle and Bottom10 performance times. Significantly higher ( < 0.05) sitting heights were identified between the Top10 and Middle U16 kayakers. Significant differences ( < 0.05) were observed for maturity offset and PAH% between the Top10 and Middle groups compared to the Bottom10 group. In conclusion, this research shows differences in the maturity status of young U14 and U16 kayakers, identifying that the more biologically mature individuals, with more years of specific practice, achieved better performances.
先前的独木舟短距离竞速研究评估了各自组别中最优秀的桨手。本研究旨在确定生物成熟度和运动员经验在划艇表现中的重要性，并观察与人体测量学、练习年限和表现相关的可能差异。80 名 14 岁以下（U14）和 50 名 16 岁以下（U16）的划艇运动员，年龄分别为 13.40±0.54 岁和 15.25±0.61 岁。对划艇运动员进行了人体测量学（体重（kg）；伸展身高（cm）；坐高（cm））、表现（U14 组的 3000 米和 U16 组的 5000 米用时）和身体成熟度（预测成人身高（PAH）和成熟度偏移）评估。在 U14 组中，练习年限、坐高和成熟度偏移在表现时间排名前 10%与中间 10%和中间 10%与后 10%的运动员之间存在显著差异（<0.05）。排名前 10%的 U16 组运动员的坐高明显更高（<0.05）。与后 10%组相比，排名前 10%和中间 10%组的成熟度偏移和 PAH%存在显著差异（<0.05）。综上所述，本研究显示了年轻的 U14 和 U16 划艇运动员在成熟度方面的差异，表明更成熟、有更多专项练习年限的个体能取得更好的成绩。
