Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
Nutrients. 2021 Jul 30;13(8):2631. doi: 10.3390/nu13082631.
Neonates with preterm, gastrointestinal dysfunction and very low birth weights are often intolerant to oral feeding. In such infants, the provision of nutrients via parenteral nutrition (PN) becomes necessary for short-term survival, as well as long-term health. However, the elemental nutrients in PN can be a major source of oxidants due to interactions between nutrients, imbalances of anti- and pro-oxidants, and environmental conditions. Moreover, neonates fed PN are at greater risk of oxidative stress, not only from dietary sources, but also because of immature antioxidant defences. Various interventions can lower the oxidant load in PN, including the supplementation of PN with antioxidant vitamins, glutathione, additional arginine and additional cysteine; reduced levels of pro-oxidant nutrients such as iron; protection from light and oxygen; and proper storage temperature. This narrative review of published data provides insight to oxidant molecules generated in PN, nutrient sources of oxidants, and measures to minimize oxidant levels.
对于有早产、胃肠功能障碍和极低出生体重的新生儿来说，通常无法耐受口服喂养。在这种情况下，通过肠外营养（PN）提供营养对于短期生存以及长期健康都是必要的。然而，由于营养素之间的相互作用、抗氧化剂和氧化剂的失衡以及环境条件，PN 中的元素营养素可能成为氧化剂的主要来源。此外，接受 PN 喂养的新生儿不仅面临来自饮食的氧化应激风险，而且还面临由于抗氧化防御不成熟而带来的风险。各种干预措施可以降低 PN 中的氧化剂负荷，包括在 PN 中补充抗氧化维生素、谷胱甘肽、额外的精氨酸和半胱氨酸；降低铁等促氧化剂营养素的水平；避光和隔氧；以及适当的储存温度。本综述对已发表数据的分析，深入了解了 PN 中产生的氧化剂分子、氧化剂的营养素来源以及降低氧化剂水平的措施。
