Brändén Gisela, Neutze Richard
Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Science. 2021 Aug 27;373(6558). doi: 10.1126/science.aba0954.
Conformational changes within biological macromolecules control a vast array of chemical reactions in living cells. Time-resolved crystallography can reveal time-dependent structural changes that occur within protein crystals, yielding chemical insights in unparalleled detail. Serial crystallography approaches developed at x-ray free-electron lasers are now routinely used for time-resolved diffraction studies of macromolecules. These techniques are increasingly being applied at synchrotron radiation sources and to a growing diversity of macromolecules. Here, we review recent progress in the field, including visualizing ultrafast structural changes that guide the initial trajectories of light-driven reactions as well as capturing biologically important conformational changes on slower time scales, for which bacteriorhodopsin and photosystem II are presented as illustrative case studies.
生物大分子内的构象变化控制着活细胞中大量的化学反应。时间分辨晶体学可以揭示蛋白质晶体内发生的随时间变化的结构变化，以无与伦比的细节提供化学见解。在X射线自由电子激光上开发的串行晶体学方法现在经常用于大分子的时间分辨衍射研究。这些技术越来越多地应用于同步辐射源以及种类日益繁多的大分子。在这里，我们回顾了该领域的最新进展，包括可视化引导光驱动反应初始轨迹的超快结构变化，以及在较慢时间尺度上捕捉具有生物学重要性的构象变化，为此以细菌视紫红质和光系统II作为说明性案例研究。
