Institute for History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Ann Neurol. 2021 Oct;90(4):546-557. doi: 10.1002/ana.26206. Epub 2021 Sep 18.
On behalf of the German Neurological Society (DGN), a study was conducted into how far former chairmen, honorary chairmen, and honorary members could be regarded as incriminated from the National Socialist period. While an online supplement of this journal presents seven individual biographies (in six papers) by way of example, this paper offers an overview summarizing the project results and introducing the biographies. The first part and the methodological section discuss the difficulties of retrospectively identifying neurologists involved in the Nazi movement. Formal characteristics (eg, membership of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) or other Nazi organizations or participation in Nazi crimes) and content-related clues (eg, statements reflecting Nazi ideology, personal contacts with Nazi officials or active support of the system) can be helpful. The second part summarizes the principal results of a study of 28 German and Austrian neuroscientists with regard to their involvement and their post-war careers. Six of the seven "founding fathers" of the DGN were former NSDAP members; 10 of the 13 presidents in office until 1976 had belonged to Nazi organizations-the NSDAP, the SA ("Brownshirts") or the SS ("Blackshirts"). Moreover, seven out of 10 honorary presidents had formal or substantive links to National Socialism. Of the German and Austrian honorary members appointed up to 1985, two-thirds had leanings to Nazi ideology or the National Socialist system. This paper concludes by outlining how the DGN and its members are currently addressing this historical legacy in order to establish a responsible culture of remembrance. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:546-557.
代表德国神经病学学会（DGN），对前主席、名誉主席和名誉会员在多大程度上可以被视为有纳粹时期的犯罪嫌疑进行了研究。虽然该杂志的在线增刊以七份个人传记（六篇论文）为例，但本文提供了一个概述，总结了项目结果并介绍了这些传记。第一部分和方法部分讨论了追溯识别参与纳粹运动的神经病学家的困难。正式特征（例如，加入纳粹党（NSDAP）或其他纳粹组织，或参与纳粹犯罪）和与内容相关的线索（例如，反映纳粹意识形态的言论、与纳粹官员的个人接触或对该制度的积极支持）可能会有所帮助。第二部分总结了对 28 名德国和奥地利神经科学家参与情况及其战后职业生涯的研究的主要结果。DGN 的七位“创始人”中有六位曾是纳粹党成员；1976 年之前的 13 位主席中有 10 位曾隶属于纳粹组织——纳粹党、冲锋队（SA，“褐衫军”）或党卫军（SS，“黑衫军”）。此外，10 位名誉主席中有 7 位与纳粹主义有正式或实质性联系。在 1985 年之前被任命的德国和奥地利名誉会员中，三分之二的人对纳粹意识形态或国家社会主义制度有倾向。本文最后概述了 DGN 及其成员目前如何处理这一历史遗产，以建立负责任的纪念文化。神经病学年鉴 2021；90:546-557。
