Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51005, Estonia.
School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, 10120, Estonia.
Environ Res. 2022 Mar;204(Pt A):111963. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111963. Epub 2021 Aug 25.
The demand for the green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained prominence over the conventional chemical and physical syntheses, which often entails toxic chemicals, energy consumption and ultimately lead to negative environmental impact. In the green synthesis approach, naturally available bio-compounds found in plants and fungi can be effective and have been proven to be alternative reducing agents. Fungi or mushrooms are particularly interesting due to their high content of bioactive compounds, which can serve as excellent reducing agents in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Apart from the economic and environmental benefits, such as ease of availability, low synthesis/production cost, safe and no toxicity, the nanoparticles synthesized from this green method have unique physical and chemical properties. Stabilisation of the nanoparticles in an aqueous solution is exceedingly high, even after prolonged storage with unperturbed size uniformity. Biological properties were significantly improved with higher biocompatibility, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. These remarkable properties allow further exploration in their applications both in the medical and agricultural fields. This review aims to explore the mushroom-mediated biosynthesis of nanomaterials, specifically the mechanism and bio-compounds involved in the synthesis and their interactions for the stabilisation of nanoparticles. Various metal and non-metal nanoparticles have been discussed along with their synthesis techniques and parameters, making them ideal for specific industrial, agricultural, and medical applications. Only recent developments have been explored in this review.
对纳米粒子的绿色合成的需求已经超过了传统的化学和物理合成，因为后者通常需要有毒化学品、能源消耗，并最终导致负面的环境影响。在绿色合成方法中，植物和真菌中存在的天然生物化合物可以作为有效的还原剂。真菌或蘑菇特别有趣，因为它们含有丰富的生物活性化合物，可以作为纳米粒子合成的优良还原剂。除了具有经济和环境效益，如易于获得、低合成/生产成本、安全无毒外，这种绿色方法合成的纳米粒子具有独特的物理和化学性质。即使在长时间储存后，纳米粒子在水溶液中的稳定性也非常高，粒径均匀度保持不变。生物性质得到了显著改善，具有更高的生物相容性、抗菌、抗氧化和抗癌特性。这些显著的特性使得它们在医学和农业领域的应用有了进一步的探索。本综述旨在探讨蘑菇介导的纳米材料生物合成，特别是参与合成的机制和生物化合物及其相互作用，以稳定纳米粒子。本文讨论了各种金属和非金属纳米粒子的合成技术和参数，使它们成为特定工业、农业和医学应用的理想选择。本综述仅探讨了最近的发展。
