Škarpa Petr, Školníková Marie, Antošovský Jiří, Horký Pavel, Smýkalová Iva, Horáček Jiří, Dostálová Radmila, Kozáková Zdenka
Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriScience, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriScience, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Aug 5;10(8):1608. doi: 10.3390/plants10081608.
Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient in plant nutrition. Its absorption by plants from the soil is influenced by many factors. Therefore, a foliar application of this nutrient could be utilized for the optimal nutrition state of plants. The premise of the study is that foliar application of phosphorus will increase the yield of normal-phytate () cultivars (CDC Bronco a Cutlass) and low-phytate () lines (1-2347-144, 1-150-81) grown in soils with low phosphorus supply and affect seed quality depending on the ability of the pea to produce phytate. A graded application of phosphorus (H₃PO₄) in four doses: without P (P0), 27.3 mg P (P1), 54.5 mg P (P2), and 81.8 mg P/pot (P3) realized at the development stages of the 6th true leaf led to a significant increase of chlorophyll contents, and fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll expressing the CO assimilation velocity. The P fertilization increased the yield of seeds significantly, except the highest dose of phosphorus (P3) at which the yield of the cultivars was reduced. The line 1-2347-144 was the most sensible to the P application when the dose P3 increased the seed production by 42.1%. Only the line 1-150-81 showed a decreased tendency in the phytate content at the stepped application of the P nutrition. Foliar application of phosphorus significantly increased ash material in seed, but did not tend to affect the protein and mineral content of seeds. Only the zinc content in seeds was significantly reduced by foliar application of P in and pea genotypes. It is concluded from the present study that foliar phosphorus application could be an effective way to enhance the pea growth in P-deficient condition with a direct effect on seed yield and quality.
磷（P）是植物营养中的一种重要养分。植物从土壤中对其的吸收受多种因素影响。因此，这种养分的叶面喷施可用于使植物达到最佳营养状态。该研究的前提是，在低磷供应土壤中生长的普通植酸（）品种（CDC Bronco和Cutlass）和低植酸（）品系（1 - 2347 - 144、1 - 150 - 81）进行叶面施磷会提高产量，并根据豌豆产生植酸的能力影响种子质量。在第6片真叶发育阶段分四剂量梯度施用磷（H₃PO₄）：不施磷（P0）、27.3毫克磷（P1）、54.5毫克磷（P2）和81.8毫克磷/盆（P3），导致叶绿素含量以及表示CO同化速率的叶绿素荧光参数显著增加。施磷显著提高了种子产量，但除了最高磷剂量（P3）时普通植酸品种的产量有所降低。当施磷剂量为P3时，品系1 - 2347 - 144对施磷最为敏感，种子产量提高了42.1%。只有品系1 - 150 - 81在逐步施用磷营养时植酸含量呈下降趋势。叶面施磷显著增加了种子中的灰分物质，但对种子的蛋白质和矿物质含量没有影响。在普通植酸和低植酸豌豆基因型中，叶面施磷仅显著降低了种子中的锌含量。从本研究得出结论，叶面施磷可能是在缺磷条件下促进豌豆生长的有效方法，对种子产量和质量有直接影响。
