Diomaiuto Emanuela, Principe Valeria, De Luca Adriana, Laperuta Flaviana, Alterisio Chiara, Di Loria Antonio
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II of Napoli, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Aug 4;14(8):766. doi: 10.3390/ph14080766.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter between 40 and 120 nm, which are derived from all types of cells and released into all biological fluids, such as blood plasma, serum, urine, breast milk, colostrum, and more. They contain proteins, nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, other non-coding RNA, and DNA), and lipids. Exosomes represent a potentially accurate footprint of the miRNA profile of the parental cell and can therefore be proposed as potential and sensitive biomarkers, both in diagnosing and monitoring a variety of diseases in humans and animals. Liquid biopsy offers itself as a non-invasive or minimally invasive, pain-free, time-saving alternative to conventional tissue biopsy. Exosomes in both human and veterinary medicine find their major application in neoplastic diseases, but applications in the field of veterinary cardiology, nephrology, reproduction, parasitology, and regenerative medicine are currently being explored. Exosomes can therefore be used as diagnostic, prognostic, and, in some cases, therapeutic tools for several conditions. The aim of this review was to assess the current applications of exosomes in veterinary medicine, particularly in dog and cat patients.
外泌体是直径在40至120纳米之间的细胞外囊泡，它们源自所有类型的细胞，并释放到所有生物体液中，如血浆、血清、尿液、母乳、初乳等。它们含有蛋白质、核酸（信使核糖核酸、微小核糖核酸、其他非编码核糖核酸和脱氧核糖核酸）和脂质。外泌体代表了亲代细胞微小核糖核酸谱的潜在准确印记，因此可以被提议作为潜在且敏感的生物标志物，用于诊断和监测人类和动物的多种疾病。液体活检是一种非侵入性或微创、无痛、省时的替代传统组织活检的方法。外泌体在人类和兽医学中主要应用于肿瘤性疾病，但目前正在探索其在兽医心脏病学、肾脏病学、生殖学、寄生虫学和再生医学领域的应用。因此，外泌体可作为多种病症的诊断、预后工具，在某些情况下还可作为治疗工具。本综述的目的是评估外泌体在兽医学中的当前应用，特别是在犬猫患者中的应用。
