Rice Danielle R, Sullivan Alexandra D W, Forehand Rex L, Watson Kelly H, Bettis Alexandra H, Gruhn Meredith, Compas Bruce E
Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Dewey Hall, 2 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA.
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, PMB 407817, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817, USA.
J Child Fam Stud. 2020 Oct;29(10):2786-2795. doi: 10.1007/s10826-020-01786-2. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
Family dysfunction has been associated with both child externalizing problems, including hostility, and parent depression or depressive symptoms. Research investigating child hostility directed toward a parent with a history of depression is absent, yet it may be associated with especially high levels of family dysfunction. The current study aimed to assess (1) the relation between observed child hostility, measured by the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scale, toward such a parent and child-reported family dysfunction, using the Family Assessment Device, and (2) whether current parent depressive symptoms, measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, moderated this association. We hypothesized that child hostility would negatively relate to family functioning, even after controlling for parent depressive symptoms, and that parent depressive symptoms would moderate this association in that high levels of such symptoms would strengthen the negative relation between child hostility and family functioning. To address these hypotheses, hierarchical regression and moderation analyses were conducted in SPSS. Results indicated that higher levels of child hostility related to a more dysfunctional family environment. Furthermore, although speculative as the interaction of child hostility toward a parent and parent depressive symptoms only approached conventional levels of significance, low levels of both constructs may protect against family dysfunction. Findings from this study may inform new methods of family intervention and prevention, as well as ways of identifying families most at risk for dysfunction.
家庭功能失调与儿童的外化问题（包括敌意）以及父母的抑郁或抑郁症状都有关联。目前尚无针对儿童对有抑郁症病史的父母表现出的敌意的相关研究，但这种情况可能与特别严重的家庭功能失调有关。本研究旨在评估：（1）通过艾奥瓦家庭互动评定量表测量的儿童对这类父母表现出的观察到的敌意与使用家庭评估工具测量的儿童报告的家庭功能失调之间的关系；（2）通过贝克抑郁量表第二版测量的当前父母的抑郁症状是否调节了这种关联。我们假设，即使在控制了父母的抑郁症状之后，儿童的敌意仍会与家庭功能呈负相关；并且父母的抑郁症状会调节这种关联，即此类症状的高水平会加强儿童敌意与家庭功能之间的负相关。为了验证这些假设，在SPSS中进行了分层回归和调节分析。结果表明，儿童敌意水平越高，家庭环境功能失调越严重。此外，尽管由于儿童对父母的敌意与父母抑郁症状的交互作用仅接近传统的显著水平，这些结果具有推测性，但两者水平较低可能有助于预防家庭功能失调。本研究的结果可能为家庭干预和预防的新方法以及识别功能失调风险最高的家庭的方法提供参考。
