Fisberg Mauro, Duarte Batista Lais, Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto, Sarti Flávia Mori, de Albuquerque Maria Paula, Fisberg Regina Mara
Feeding Difficulties Center, Institute PENSI (Pesquisa e Ensino em Saúde Infantil), Fundação Jose Luiz Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará (Sabara Children's Hospital), São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Nutr. 2021 Aug 13;8:662817. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.662817. eCollection 2021.
Child healthcare has been a priority subject in several programs and public policies developed over the decades. However, initiatives implemented seem insufficient to overcome the challenges regarding the integral development and improvement of the nutritional status of children in Brazil. The initial developmental stages of a child include pregnancy, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding, which are determinants in future aspects of health and nutritional status. Therefore, the strategies addressing problems during these three periods of life have the potential to positively impact the promotion of healthy eating habits and food security throughout life. Developing countries with huge dimensions and vast inequalities, like Brazil, are marked by differences in regional, cultural, and social contexts that may hinder the implementation of programs and policies with a broad scope. Extensive operational and professional costs, in addition to time-consuming activities that are necessary to apply, monitor, and evaluate interventions may jeopardize the proper assessment of programs and policy goals, generating the inefficiency and waste of resources in the health system. Thus, programs and policies aimed at creating and modifying habits should consider an intersectoral action within local contexts, involving health professionals, universities, policy managers, and the community. Therefore, this article aimed to discuss the preliminary conception of an integrated approach of decentralized strategies to promote healthy eating habits and food security of children in Brazil.
几十年来，儿童保健一直是多个项目和公共政策中的优先主题。然而，已实施的举措似乎不足以应对巴西儿童全面发展和改善营养状况方面的挑战。儿童的初始发育阶段包括孕期、母乳喂养和辅食添加，这些是未来健康和营养状况的决定因素。因此，针对生命中这三个时期问题的策略有可能对促进一生的健康饮食习惯和粮食安全产生积极影响。像巴西这样幅员辽阔且存在巨大不平等的发展中国家，其特点是区域、文化和社会背景存在差异，这可能会阻碍具有广泛范围的项目和政策的实施。除了实施、监测和评估干预措施所需的耗时活动外，高昂的运营和专业成本可能会危及对项目和政策目标的正确评估，导致卫生系统资源的低效和浪费。因此，旨在培养和改变习惯的项目和政策应考虑在当地背景下采取跨部门行动，让卫生专业人员、大学、政策管理者和社区参与进来。因此，本文旨在探讨一种综合方法的初步构想，即采取分散策略来促进巴西儿童的健康饮食习惯和粮食安全。
