Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Oct 31;189:980-992. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.176. Epub 2021 Aug 31.
The present study was undertaken to explore the structure characteristics, immune regulation, and anti-cancer abilities of polysaccharides in radix ginseng Rubra (RGR). For this purpose, RGR polysaccharides (RGRP) were purified through DEAE and S-300 chromatography. Monosaccharide composition, methylation, and GC-MS analyses, as well as field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier-transformed infrared resonance (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, were used to establish the structure of RGRP-1b. Our results revealed that RGRP-1a and RGRP-1b possess different molecular weights (21.3 kDa and 10.2 kDa, respectively). RGRP-1a was found to be composed of glucose, while RGRP-1b was composed of glucose, galactose, and arabinose. The main chain structure of RGRP-1b was composed of 1,4-α-Glcp, with a 1,4,6-α-Glcp branch unit. Its side chains were branched at the O-4 position of 1,4,6-α-Glcp, namely 1)-β-Galp-(4 → 1)-α-Araf-(5 → α-Araf and 1)-β-Galp-(6 → α-Glcp. The changes in the nitric oxide (NO) levels and cytotoxicity revealed that macrophages probably get activated by RGRP-1b. The expressions of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α were found to be upregulated after treatment with RGRP-1b. RGRP-1b thus possesses the potential to arrest the growth of Huh7 through immunoregulation. Our cumulative findings indicate that RGRP-1b obtained from radix ginseng Rubra can function as a strong immune modulator.
本研究旨在探索红参（RGR）多糖的结构特征、免疫调节和抗癌能力。为此，通过 DEAE 和 S-300 层析对 RGR 多糖（RGRP）进行了纯化。通过单糖组成、甲基化和 GC-MS 分析以及场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、傅里叶变换红外共振（FT-IR）和核磁共振（NMR）光谱对 RGRP-1b 的结构进行了建立。我们的结果表明，RGRP-1a 和 RGRP-1b 具有不同的分子量（分别为 21.3 kDa 和 10.2 kDa）。RGRP-1a 由葡萄糖组成，而 RGRP-1b 由葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成。RGRP-1b 的主链结构由 1,4-α-Glcp 组成，带有 1,4,6-α-Glcp 支链单元。其侧链在 1,4,6-α-Glcp 的 O-4 位置分支，即 1）-β-Galp-（4→1）-α-Araf-（5→α-Araf 和 1）-β-Galp-（6→α-Glcp。NO 水平和细胞毒性的变化表明，巨噬细胞可能被 RGRP-1b 激活。用 RGRP-1b 处理后，发现 IL-6、IL-12 和 TNF-α 的表达上调。因此，RGRP-1b 通过免疫调节具有抑制 Huh7 生长的潜力。我们的综合研究结果表明，红参多糖 RGRP-1b 可以作为一种强大的免疫调节剂。
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