Elmaslar Özbaş Emine, Akın Özcan, Güneysu Sinan, Özcan H Kurtuluş, Öngen Atakan
Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey.
Environ Dev Sustain. 2022;24(6):8504-8520. doi: 10.1007/s10668-021-01797-z. Epub 2021 Sep 1.
In this study, it has been aimed to determine the difference between water footprint values of individuals with different socio-economical levels, living in various cities, before and during COVID-19 pandemic period. For this purpose, a questionnaire study has been made and data obtained because of questionnaire have been processes in a water footprint calculation module. Data obtained from questionnaires have also been evaluated statistically in SPSS application. According to the findings obtained, while average water footprint before COVID-19 pandemic has been calculated as 4178.42 L/day, average water footprint during COVID-19 pandemic period has been calculated as 4606.18 L/day. It was determined that the percentage of participants whose water footprint increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period at all education levels was higher than other participants. When the water footprint values of the participants with an income level of 7000 TL and above were compared with the water footprint values of other income groups, it was observed that the water footprint values of the participants with an income of 7000 TL and above increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. When the water footprint values of individuals according to age groups are examined, it has been determined that the water footprint values of individuals tend to increase in all age groups (except for the 51-60 age range) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been seen that in the monthly clothing expenses and car washing numbers of participants, there was a tendency to decrease and that in their monthly kitchen expenditures there was a tendency to increase. Because of statistical evaluations, it was seen that there was a meaningful correlation between change in water footprint values and weekly shower numbers, weekly laundry washing numbers, and monthly kitchen expenses. Despite the increase in water consumption with many daily activities, it can be said that the average water footprint value did not increase much due to the decrease in clothing expenditures of the participants during the pandemic process, the change in car washing frequencies, and the fact that red meat consumption did not increase in general despite the increase in kitchen expenses.
在本研究中，旨在确定不同社会经济水平、生活在不同城市的个人在新冠疫情之前和期间的水足迹值之间的差异。为此，进行了一项问卷调查研究，并将因问卷获得的数据在水足迹计算模块中进行处理。从问卷中获得的数据也在SPSS应用程序中进行了统计评估。根据所得结果，新冠疫情之前的平均水足迹计算为4178.42升/天，新冠疫情期间的平均水足迹计算为4606.18升/天。确定在所有教育水平上，新冠疫情期间水足迹增加的参与者比例高于其他参与者。当将收入水平在7000土耳其里拉及以上的参与者的水足迹值与其他收入组的水足迹值进行比较时，发现收入在7000土耳其里拉及以上的参与者在新冠疫情期间的水足迹值相较于新冠疫情之前有所增加。当按年龄组检查个人的水足迹值时，已确定与新冠疫情之前相比，在新冠疫情期间所有年龄组（51 - 60岁年龄范围除外）的个人水足迹值都有增加的趋势。可以看到，参与者的每月服装费用和洗车次数有减少的趋势，而他们的每月厨房支出有增加的趋势。由于统计评估，发现水足迹值的变化与每周淋浴次数、每周洗衣次数和每月厨房费用之间存在有意义的相关性。尽管许多日常活动导致用水量增加，但可以说，由于疫情期间参与者服装支出的减少、洗车频率的变化以及尽管厨房支出增加但红肉消费总体上没有增加，平均水足迹值并没有大幅增加。
