Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 13;12:727626. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727626. eCollection 2021.
Multiplexed imaging is a recently developed and powerful single-cell biology research tool. However, it presents new sources of technical noise that are distinct from other types of single-cell data, necessitating new practices for single-cell multiplexed imaging processing and analysis, particularly regarding cell-type identification. Here we created single-cell multiplexed imaging datasets by performing CODEX on four sections of the human colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid) using a panel of 47 oligonucleotide-barcoded antibodies. After cell segmentation, we implemented five different normalization techniques crossed with four unsupervised clustering algorithms, resulting in 20 unique cell-type annotations for the same dataset. We generated two standard annotations: hand-gated cell types and cell types produced by over-clustering with spatial verification. We then compared these annotations at four levels of cell-type granularity. First, increasing cell-type granularity led to decreased labeling accuracy; therefore, subtle phenotype annotations should be avoided at the clustering step. Second, accuracy in cell-type identification varied more with normalization choice than with clustering algorithm. Third, unsupervised clustering better accounted for segmentation noise during cell-type annotation than hand-gating. Fourth, Z-score normalization was generally effective in mitigating the effects of noise from single-cell multiplexed imaging. Variation in cell-type identification will lead to significant differential spatial results such as cellular neighborhood analysis; consequently, we also make recommendations for accurately assigning cell-type labels to CODEX multiplexed imaging.
多重成像技术是一种新兴的强大的单细胞生物学研究工具。然而,它引入了新的技术噪声源,这些噪声源与其他类型的单细胞数据不同,因此需要针对单细胞多重成像处理和分析采用新的实践,尤其是在细胞类型鉴定方面。在这里,我们使用一组 47 个寡核苷酸编码抗体对人体结肠的四个部分(升结肠、横结肠、降结肠和乙状结肠)进行 CODEX 实验,创建了单细胞多重成像数据集。在进行细胞分割后,我们实施了五种不同的归一化技术,并结合了四种无监督聚类算法,从而为同一数据集生成了 20 种独特的细胞类型注释。我们生成了两种标准注释:手动门控细胞类型和通过空间验证进行过聚类产生的细胞类型。然后,我们在四个细胞类型粒度级别上比较了这些注释。首先,增加细胞类型的粒度会降低标记准确性;因此,在聚类步骤中应避免对细微表型进行注释。其次,细胞类型识别的准确性因归一化选择而变化大于聚类算法。第三,与手动门控相比,无监督聚类在细胞类型注释期间更好地解释了分割噪声。第四,Z 分数归一化通常可以有效减轻单细胞多重成像噪声的影响。细胞类型鉴定的变化将导致显著的差异空间结果,例如细胞邻居分析;因此,我们还为准确地将细胞类型标签分配给 CODEX 多重成像提供了建议。
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