Beyramijam Mehdi, Farrokhi Mehrdad, Ebadi Abbas, Masoumi Gholamreza, Khankeh Hamid Reza
Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2021 Jul 30;10:258. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1280_20. eCollection 2021.
The Emergency Medical Services (EMSs) are in the frontline between the health-care systems and people in emergencies and disasters. With the increase in the frequency of natural or man-made disasters around the world, the need for prepared EMS services is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the current disaster preparedness status of the EMS agencies in the literature and exploring the key preparedness elements and the strategies to improve the EMS disaster preparedness. The electronic database such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was searched from 2000 to 2019. The searching keywords included: "EMS," "Disaster," "Preparedness," "Emergency" "Preparedness," "Disaster Preparedness," "Readiness," and the terms related to "disaster types" were used in combination with Boolean operators OR and AND. Out of 1412 articles, 7 articles were included in the review. The most important elements of the EMS disaster preparedness include the size and scope of the incident, surge capacity, planning, communication, training and education, policymaking, financial support, coordination, safety and security, early warning system, disaster response experience, and legal considerations. This systematic review showed that the EMS agencies in the world generally are inadequately prepared for an effective response to major emergencies and disasters. This study provides valuable information to EMS educators, EMS administrators to adopt and perform appropriate activities to improve the EMS disaster preparedness.
紧急医疗服务（EMS）处于医疗保健系统与紧急情况和灾难中的人们之间的第一线。随着世界各地自然或人为灾难发生频率的增加，对具备应急准备能力的EMS服务的需求也在增加。本研究旨在评估文献中EMS机构当前的灾难应急准备状况，并探索关键的准备要素以及改善EMS灾难应急准备的策略。检索了2000年至2019年期间的电子数据库，如PubMed、科学网、Scopus和谷歌学术。检索关键词包括：“EMS”、“灾难”、“应急准备”、“紧急情况”、“应急准备”、“灾难应急准备”、“准备就绪”，并将与“灾难类型”相关的术语与布尔运算符“OR”和“AND”结合使用。在1412篇文章中，有7篇文章被纳入综述。EMS灾难应急准备的最重要要素包括事件的规模和范围、激增能力、规划、通信、培训与教育、政策制定、财政支持、协调、安全保障、预警系统、灾难应对经验以及法律考量。这项系统综述表明，全球的EMS机构在有效应对重大紧急情况和灾难方面普遍准备不足。本研究为EMS教育工作者、EMS管理人员提供了有价值的信息，以便他们采取并开展适当活动来改善EMS灾难应急准备。
