Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Sep 6;21(1):435. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03434-5.
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes a clinical illness Covid-19, has had a major impact on mental health globally. Those diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) may be negatively impacted by the global pandemic due to social isolation, feelings of loneliness or lack of access to care. This study seeks to assess the impact of the 1st lockdown - pre-, during and post - in adults with a recent history of MDD across multiple centres.
This study is a secondary analysis of an on-going cohort study, RADAR-MDD project, a multi-centre study examining the use of remote measurement technology (RMT) in monitoring MDD. Self-reported questionnaire and passive data streams were analysed from participants who had joined the project prior to 1st December 2019 and had completed Patient Health and Self-esteem Questionnaires during the pandemic (n = 252). We used mixed models for repeated measures to estimate trajectories of depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and sleep duration.
In our sample of 252 participants, 48% (n = 121) had clinically relevant depressive symptoms shortly before the pandemic. For the sample as a whole, we found no evidence that depressive symptoms or self-esteem changed between pre-, during- and post-lockdown. However, we found evidence that mean sleep duration (in minutes) decreased significantly between during- and post- lockdown (- 12.16; 95% CI - 18.39 to - 5.92; p < 0.001). We also found that those experiencing clinically relevant depressive symptoms shortly before the pandemic showed a decrease in depressive symptoms, self-esteem and sleep duration between pre- and during- lockdown (interaction p = 0.047, p = 0.045 and p < 0.001, respectively) as compared to those who were not.
We identified changes in depressive symptoms and sleep duration over the course of lockdown, some of which varied according to whether participants were experiencing clinically relevant depressive symptoms shortly prior to the pandemic. However, the results of this study suggest that those with MDD do not experience a significant worsening in symptoms during the first months of the Covid - 19 pandemic.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的爆发导致了一种临床疾病 COVID-19，这对全球的心理健康产生了重大影响。那些被诊断患有重度抑郁症（MDD）的人可能会因为社交隔离、孤独感或无法获得治疗而受到全球大流行的负面影响。这项研究旨在评估首次封锁对多个中心的近期 MDD 病史的成年人的影响。
这项研究是一项正在进行的队列研究——RADAR-MDD 项目的二次分析，该项目是一项多中心研究，检查了远程测量技术（RMT）在监测 MDD 中的使用情况。在 2019 年 12 月 1 日之前加入该项目并在大流行期间完成了患者健康和自尊问卷的参与者（n=252）的自我报告问卷和被动数据流进行了分析。我们使用重复测量的混合模型来估计抑郁症状、自尊和睡眠时间的轨迹。
在我们的 252 名参与者样本中，48%（n=121）在大流行前不久就有临床相关的抑郁症状。对于整个样本，我们没有发现抑郁症状或自尊在封锁前、封锁中和封锁后之间有变化的证据。然而，我们发现睡眠时间（以分钟为单位）在封锁中和封锁后之间有明显减少（-12.16；95%CI -18.39 至 -5.92；p<0.001）。我们还发现，那些在大流行前不久就有临床相关抑郁症状的人，在封锁前和封锁期间，抑郁症状、自尊和睡眠时间都有所下降（交互作用 p=0.047，p=0.045 和 p<0.001），而那些没有的人则没有。
我们发现了封锁期间抑郁症状和睡眠时间的变化，其中一些变化根据参与者在大流行前是否有临床相关的抑郁症状而有所不同。然而，这项研究的结果表明，那些患有 MDD 的人在 COVID-19 大流行的头几个月并没有经历症状的明显恶化。
