Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia.
Accuscript Consultancy, Ludhiana, India.
Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 13;12:678457. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678457. eCollection 2021.
This mini-review summarizes the current evidence for the role of macrophage activation and polarization in inflammation and immune response pertinent to interstitial lung disease, specifically pulmonary fibrosis. In the fibrosing lung, the production and function of inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators involved in the disease development have been reported to be regulated by the effects of polarized M1/M2 macrophage populations. The M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes were suggested to correspond with the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic signatures, respectively. These responses towards tissue injury followed by the development and progression of lung fibrosis are further regulated by macrophage-derived microRNAs (miRNAs). Besides cellular miRNAs, extracellular exosomal-miRNAs derived from M2 macrophages have also been proposed to promote the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. In a future perspective, harnessing the noncoding miRNAs with a key role in the macrophage polarization is, therefore, suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for this debilitating disease.
本文综述了巨噬细胞激活和极化在炎症和免疫反应中作用的最新研究进展，特别是在间质性肺疾病，如肺纤维化中的作用。在纤维化的肺中，据报道，与疾病发展相关的炎症和纤维生成介质的产生和功能受到极化 M1/M2 巨噬细胞群的影响。M1 和 M2 巨噬细胞表型分别与促炎和促纤维化特征相对应。这些对组织损伤的反应，随后是肺纤维化的发展和进展，进一步受到巨噬细胞衍生 microRNAs（miRNAs）的调节。除了细胞内 miRNAs 外，还提出来自 M2 巨噬细胞的细胞外外泌体-miRNAs 可促进肺纤维化的进展。因此，从未来角度来看，利用在巨噬细胞极化中起关键作用的非编码 miRNAs 作为治疗这种致残性疾病的一种有前途的治疗策略。
